大跨度双链式悬索桥受力特性影响因素研究

为探索理想的大跨度双链式悬索桥布置形式,以某在建过江通道主桥(主跨1 760 m的单跨简支钢箱梁悬索桥,加劲梁采用扁平流线型钢箱梁,梁宽31.5 m,梁高4.0 m)为工程背景,利用大跨度悬索桥几何非线性计算软件SNAS建立有限元模型,分析不同恒载分配系数μ和矢跨比λ对结构受力特性的影响.结果表明:随着μ减小,结构竖向...     

The Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact of wheel and rail

A new regularisation of non-elliptical contact patches has been introduced, which enables building the look-up table called by us the Kalker book of tables for non-Hertzian contact (KBTNH), which is a fast creep force generator that can be used by multibody dynamics system simulation programs. The non-elliptical contact patch is regularised by a simple double-elliptical contact region (SDEC). The SDEC region is especially suitable for regularisation of contact patches obtained with approximate non-Hertzian methods for solving the normal contact problem of wheel and rail. The new regularisation is suitable for wheels and rails with any profiles, including worn profiles.

The paper describes the new procedure of regularisation of the non-elliptical contact patch, the structure of the Kalker book of tables, and parameterisation of the independent variables of the tables and creep forces.

A moderate volume Kalker book of tables for SDEC region suitable for simulation of modern running gears has been computed in co-simulation of Matlab and program CONTACT.

To access the creep forces of the Kalker book of tables, the linear interpolation has been applied.

The creep forces obtained from KBTNH have been compared to those obtained by program CONTACT and FASTSIM algorithm. FASTSIM has been applied on both the contact ellipse and the SDEC contact patch. The comparison shows that KBTNH is in good agreement with CONTACT for a wide range of creepage condition and shapes of the contact patch, whereas the use of FASTSIM on the elliptical patch and SDEC may lead to significant deviations from the reference CONTACT solutions.

The computational cost of calling creep forces from KBTNH has been estimated by comparing CPU time of FASTSIM and KBTNH. The KBTNH is 7.8–51 times faster than FASTSIM working on 36–256 discretisation elements, respectively.

In the example of application, the KBTNH has been applied for curving simulations and results compared with those obtained with the creep force generator employing the elliptical regularisation. The results significantly differ, especially in predicted creepages, because the elliptical regularisation neglects generation of the longitudinal creep force by spin creepage.     

Method for obtaining the wheel–rail contact location and its application to the normal problem calculation through ‘CONTACT’

This work presents a robust methodology for calculating inter-penetration areas between railway wheel and rail surfaces, the profiles of which are defined by a series of points. The method allows general three-dimensional displacements of the wheelset to be considered, and its characteristics make it especially suitable for dynamic simulations where the wheel–rail contact is assumed to be flexible. The technique is based on the discretisation of the geometries of the surfaces in contact, considering the wheel as a set of truncated cones and the rail as points. By means of this approach, it is possible to reduce the problem to the calculation of the intersections between cones and lines, the solution for which has a closed-form expression. The method has been used in conjunction with the CONTACT algorithm in order to solve the static normal contact problem when the lateral displacement of the wheelset, its yaw angle and the vertical force applied in the wheelset centroid are prescribed. The results consist of smooth functions when the dependent coordinates are represented as a function of the independent ones, lacking the jump discontinuities that are present when a rigid contact model is adopted. Example results are shown and assessed for the normal contact problem for different lateral and yaw positions of the wheelset on the track.     

A robust non-Hertzian contact method for wheel–rail normal contact analysis

A modified Kik–Piotrowski (MKP) model is proposed in this paper for an accurate and robust calculation of wheel–rail normal contact problem. The presented method is able to consider the relationship between the elastic deformation of a line and the normal pressure distribution within the contact patch. A novel shape correction method is put forward to correctly describe the elastic deformation of the contact patch. Taking the results estimated by Kalker’s variational method and Kik–Piotrowski method as references, the proposed method is validated by three contact cases, including the assumed standardised non-Hertzian contact and the two-point contact, as well as the contact behaviours based on three actual wheel–rail profiles. The simulation results indicate that, compared with Kik–Piotrowski method, the proposed MKP method achieves better agreement with Kalker’s variational method. Moreover, the MKP method can avoid the abrupt change of wheel–rail normal force due to the sudden transfer of the contact point, which contributes to a better computational stability.     

纤维沥青混合料配合比设计方法初探

纤维沥青混合料由于其优良的技术性能与价格优势和施工技术简单的特点，目前已得到广泛重视，但其性能优势要通过科学的施工技术体现，而混合料配合比设计是其中关键技术之一。结合纤维沥青混合料自身的特点，以方便易操作为原则，提出了纤维的选择原则及以马歇尔试验为基础的纤维沥青混合料配合比设计方法。     

低强度桩复合地基处理桥头跳车现场试验研究

介绍了浙江台州浃里陈大桥成功地采用低强度混凝土桩复合地基处理桥头跳车问题，同时通过现场载荷试验、桩顶和桩间土的土压力测试以及沉降观测，较全面地研究了低强度桩复合地基承载力和桩土受力特性以及沉降变化规律，得到了一些可供理论研究和工程实践借鉴的有益结论。     

临海环境对衬砌混凝土结构自防水性能影响研究

为获得合理的临海隧道衬砌混凝土配合比和提高混凝土自防水性能,以拱北隧道工程为背景,开展混凝土在临海侵蚀环境下的自防水性能试验研究。基于系统化的混凝土配合比设计方法确定防水混凝土初步配合比,通过碳化和硫酸盐侵蚀室内试验模拟临海环境对混凝土自防水性能的影响,对混凝土抗压强度、抗水渗透和抗氯离子渗透3个指标进行试验分析,最终获得最优配合比。结果表明： 1）复掺(20%粉煤灰+10%矿渣)混凝土自防水性能最好,该方案可作为拱北隧道主体结构混凝土配合比; 2）在碳化和硫酸盐侵蚀作用下,混凝土的抗氯离子渗透能力随时间逐渐减弱、抗压强度随时间逐渐增强; 3）混凝土掺合料对抗氯离子渗透能力的增强作用非常明显,但对混凝土后期强度增幅有一定的影响。     

小型直喷式柴油机燃用生物质能燃料的性能研究

文章主要研究了生物质能混合燃料在柴油机上的应用,通过在一台小型直喷式柴油机上进行不同组分柴油-生物柴油-乙醇混合燃料的燃烧、油耗和排放性能对比试验,分析了乙醇含量的改变对混合燃料的发动机燃烧压力、滞燃期、放热规律、比油耗和排放的影响．     

高速机车制动温升对轴盘配合的影响

利用ANSYS建立了高速机车轴盘制动装置热量传递模型, 计算了接触面热阻、间隙导热系数和表面传热系数, 研究了其温度场分布特性, 分析了制动生热对轴盘制动装置过盈配合的影响。计算结果表明: 合理的制动盘和盘毂间隙能增大热阻, 减小温度对过盈配合的影响, 在结构允许范围内, 建议合理的设计单边间隙为0.5-1.5 mm; 制动结束时刻, 选择合理的盘毂厚度可使过盈面平均接触压力减小5.9%-6.6%, 以降低温度对过盈配合的影响, 建议盘毂合理厚度为8 mm。     

下承式系杆拱桥吊杆索力测试计算模型研究

对基于频率法测试系杆拱桥吊杆索力的计算模型的选用进行了研究,重点分析了吊杆长细比对模型计算精度的影响规律。通过某实际系杆拱桥中吊杆索力的计算分析表明,随着吊杆长细比的不同,不同计算模型的计算精度有显著差异,需要根据吊杆长细比来合理选用计算模型,才能得到合理的计算精度。文章推荐了与吊杆长细比相对应可满足工程精度要求的索力计算模型。