Influence of slip boundary on flow separation and drag of flow past bluff body at high Reynolds numbers北大核心CSCD

［Objectives］Flow separation increases the drag and noise of underwater vehicles, and influences the controllability of their control surfaces. Therefore, the influence of slip caused by superhydrophobic surfaces on drag reduction and flow separation is studied. ［Methods］A partial slip boundary condition is developed, and the flow around a circular cylinder and foil with a slip boundary at high Reynolds numbers are numerically simulated. ［Results］The results show that the when the slip length increases, the flow around the cylinder goes through three stages: the turbulent Kármán vortex street, laminar Kármán vortex street and non-separation Stokes flow. The drag coefficient increases first and then decreases, and the vortex shedding frequency increases. For flow around a foil, the separation position moves downstream until the separation region disappears when the slip length increases, and the drag coefficient decreases while the lift coefficient increases. ［Conclusions］The results of this study show that for flow past bluff body at high Reynolds number, the slip boundary can control flow separation and reduce drag effectively, providing technical support for the application of superhydrophobic surfaces for the flow control of underwater vehicle appendages. © 2022 Journal of Clinical Hepatology. All rights reserved.     

非线性波浪水槽内波浪的产生和传播

文章在波浪水槽内通过数值模拟和物理实验相结合的方式,研究了波浪的产生和传播问题。在高阶谱计算模型中引入数值造波边界条件,建立了非周期谱波浪水槽。基于该水槽研究了具有不同波要素波浪的产生和传播问题,通过与理论解的比较验证了数值结果的正确性。结果表明线性波浪理论可预测具有较小Ursell数波浪的传播,而随着Ursell数的增大,波浪的运动可用二阶波浪理论解来描述。最后通过数值模拟结果和实验结果比较,验证了数值水槽的有效性,分析表明,波面升高及其对应振幅谱的计算结果与实验数据吻合较好。     

白令海潮汐能通量和底边界能耗散

The spatial distribution of the energy flux, bottom boundary layer (BBL) energy dissipation, surface elevation amplitude and current magnitude of the major semidiurnal tidal constituents in the Bering Sea are examined in detail. These distributions are obtained from the results of a three-dimensional numerical simulation model (POM). Compared with observation data from seven stations, the root mean square errors of tidal height are 2.6 cm and 1.2 cm for M₂ and N₂ respectively, and those of phase-lag are 21.8° and 15.8° respectively. The majority of the tidal energy flux off the deep basin is along the shelf edge, although some of this flux crosses the shelf edge, especially in the southeast of the shelf break. The total M₂ energy dissipation in the Bering Sea is 30.43 GW, which is about 10 times of that of N₂ and S₂. The semidiurnal tidal energy enters mainly to the Bering Sea by Samalga Pass, Amukta Pass and Seguam Pass, accounting more than 60% of the total energy entering the Being Sea from the Pacific.     

ALE有限元法及边界元法在二维带挡板箱体液体晃荡现象模拟中的比较

该文对二维带挡板箱体液体晃荡现象进行了模拟和比较.任意拉格朗日欧拉(ALE)法基于Navier-Stokes方程,边界元法运用势流理论.首先,通过与不带挡板箱体液体晃荡现象的解析解的比较,验证了两种方法的有效性;进而研究了带刚性挡板箱体液体晃荡现象,并分析了挡板的尺寸、位置对晃荡现象的影响.文中还计算了作用于箱体壁面上的力和力矩.     

Simple Lagrangian formulation of bubbly flow in a turbulent boundary layer (bubbly boundary layer flow)

For the theoretical consideration of a system for reducing skin friction, a mathematical model was derived to represent, in a two-phase field, the effect on skin friction of the injection of micro air bubbles into the turbulent boundary layer of a liquid stream. Based on the Lagrangian method, the equation of motion governing a single bubble was derived. The random motion of bubbles in a field initially devoid of bubbles was then traced in three dimensions to estimate void fraction distributions across sections of the flow channel, and to determine local bubble behavior. The liquid phase was modeled on the principle of mixing length. Assuming that the force exerted on the liquid phase was equal to the fluid drag generated by bubble slip, an equation was derived to express the reduction in turbulent shear stress. Corroborating experimental data were obtained from tests using a cavitation tunnel equipped with a slit in the ceiling from which bubbly water was injected. The measurement data provided qualitative substantiation of the trend shown by the calculated results with regard to the skin friction ratio between cases with and without bubble injection as function of the distance downstream from the point of bubble injection.List of symbols B law of wall constant - C _f local coefficient of skin friction - C _f0 local coefficient of skin friction in the absence of bubbles - d _b bubble diameter [m] - g acceleration of gravity [m/s²] - k ₁ k₄ proportional coefficient - k _L turbulent energy of the liquid phase [m²/s²] - L representative length [m] - l _b mean free path of a bubble [m] - m _A added mass of a single bubble [kg] - m _b mass of a single bubble [kg] - N _x ,N _y ,N _z force perpendicular to the wall or ceiling exerted on a bubble adhering to that wall or ceiling [N] - P absolute pressure [Pa] - Q _G rate of air supply [/min] - q _L ⁽ⁱ⁾ turbulent velocity at the ith time increment [m/s] - R> _ex Reynolds number defined by Eq. 32 - T _*L integral time scale of the liquid phase [s] - U velocity of the main stream [m/s] - ,¯v,¯w time-averaged velocity components [m/s] - u,v,w turbulent velocity components [m/s] - û _L ,v_L root mean square values of liquid phase turbulence components in thex- and y-directions [m/s] - V volume of a single bubble [m³] - X,Y,Z components of bubble displacement [m] - x _s ,y _s ,z _s coordinate of a random point on a sphere of unit diameter centered at the coordinate origin - root mean square of bubble displacement in they-direction in reference to the turbulent liquid phase velocity [m] - local void fraction - _m mean void fraction in a turbulent region - regular random number - R _v increment of the horizontal component of the force acting on a single bubble, defined by Eq. 22 [N] - t time increment [s] - ₁ reduction of turbulent stress [N/m²] - _L rate of liquid energy dissipation [m²/s³] - _m coefficient defined by Eq. 30 - law of wall constant in the turbulent region in absence of bubbles - ₁ law of wall constant in the turbulent region in presence of bubbles     

侧风风场特征对高速列车气动性能作用的研究

侧风风场特征,如均匀风和大气底层边界速度型对高速列车在侧风环境下运行的安全性评估有直接影响.为了准确地评估侧风对在平原上运行的高速列车的影响,基于三维定常可压缩流动的NS方程,采用SSTk-ω两方程湍流模型和有限体积法,对时速350 km的动车组在均匀风和大气底层边界速度型风场中的流场和气动力特性分别进行了数值模拟计算和分析.结果表明:对在平原上运行的高速列车而言,作用于列车的气动升力、侧向力及倾覆力矩均随侧风风向角的增大而迅速增大;当风场为大气底层边界速度型时,列车顶部与底部及两个侧面的压力差小于风场为均匀风时的压力差,侧向力及倾覆力矩均小于风场为均匀风时的力及力矩,升力则随侧风风向角的增加具有不确定性.采用均匀风场评估高速列车在平原侧风环境中运行的安全性,会高估侧风对列车运行安全影响的风险,使得过低地限制列车的安全行驶速度,从而影响列车的正常运行效率.建议采用大气底层边界速度型风场进行评估.     

局口车号自动识别系统识别率的改进方案

局口车号自劝识别系统(ATIS)必须保证对列车100%识别.本文提出了在现有系统基础上增加数据筛选计算机改进方案,以提高局口ATIS的识别率,资金投入少,效果明显.     

基于边界约束刚度参数优化的轨道扣件弹条防断裂设计方法

为了研究弹条服役状态下模态频率与波磨激励频率一致引发的共振断裂问题,建立潘得路FC快速弹条有限元简化模型,通过以弹簧为边界条件模拟弹条不同部位的约束,分析其模态频率随约束刚度的变化规律,提出基于弹条约束刚度参数优化的防断裂设计方法。结果表明:弹条扣压端垂向约束刚度(150～450 N/mm)对弹条第一、三阶模态频率(400、900 Hz)有显著的正相关作用,并对第三阶共振峰幅值有明显影响;弹条后跟下部径向约束刚度(400～1 600 N/mm)的变化,引起弹条第二阶模态频率(660 Hz)的变化,两者呈现正相关关系,同时对弹条第二阶共振峰幅值也有显著影响。弹条第二、第三阶模态频率为危险频率,防断裂设计时应重点考虑。     

邻近深厚煤矿采空区对鲁南高速铁路的影响分析

为分析采空区对鲁南高铁DK276+400～DK279+900段的影响程度,采用InSAR解译方法获取连续时段的累计沉降量,依据InSAR监测数据绘制古城煤矿附近InSAR沉降干涉成果,得出采空区影响范围及采空区有向东南扩展趋势。采用可控源音频大地电磁法,布置4条物探测线,解译出物探异常区平面位置分布情况及采空高程范围,发现采空区异常部位有自开采工作面边界往东扩展的迹象,与InSAR解译成果基本吻合与收集的资料相符。研究表明,通过对InSAR解译、物探、收集资料等勘探成果综合分析,可准确划分采空区范围。最终确定拟建高铁位于采空区影响范围以外,研究结论对采空区地段高铁安全性评价具有一定参考价值。     

Thomas—Fermi—Dirac方程的两点边值问题

建立了量子力学中的Ｔｈｏｍａｓ－Ｆｅｒｍｉ－Ｄｉｒａｃ方程，得到了孤立中性原子和正离子情形的边值问题解的存在性。