城市轨道交通枢纽的动态评价方法研究

紧密结合城市轨道交通枢纽设计评价的实际需求,提出以乘客行为特征为基础要素的动态评价方法,建立了基于智能体(agent)理论的枢纽乘客行为模型与枢纽环境抽象模型;并进一步结合评价目标,构建了基于动态评价的指标体系.采用动态评价方法,为枢纽评价提供全新的思路与手段,对既有评价体系的内容与方法加以补充完善.通过实例分析,对动态评价方法进行了实施验证.     

基于CANopen协议的轨道交通安全计算机平台研究

CANopen是基于CAN(Controller Area Network)开发的应用层协议.本文在分析CANopen协议的通信原理的基础上,针对轨道交通安全计算机平台的通信需求,着重介绍了安全计算机平台通信部分的设计与实现,包括CAN网络中各个节点的硬件接口设计,以及软件设计与实现;并通过试验测试和现场正式运行,验证...     

基于多目标的城市公交站点布设模型的研究

基于车辆配置限制的站距模型,重点研究城市公交站距和站点布局的方法,同时结合模型模拟路网对其进行检验,结果证明．该方法原理简单易行。与实际结合比较紧密,对我国城市公交规划具有一定的指导意义。     

深圳市BRT定位、发展模式及近期建设标准建议

快速公交系统（BRT）在国内尚属新生事物,各城市都在探索中,并无成功的案例。在对国外典型的BRT系统研究的基础上,针对深圳实际情况,对深圳市BRT定位、发展模式和近期建标等提出建议,具有重要意义。     

城市机动车辆停放选择模型

为了增强出行前停车信息查询功能和提高停车诱导效果,提出一种服务于驾驶员出行前对目的地首选以及备选停车场进行车辆停放选择的优化模型,建立了以驾驶员使用最便利,可达性最强,出行停放成本最低为目标的车辆停放选择模型,利用启发式算法计算了模型的备选解集。经实例验证,该模型可以得到多个满足约束条件的合理性停车方案,从而为驾驶员在出行前选择停车场提供了决策依据。     

A copula-based joint multinomial discrete–continuous model of vehicle type choice and miles of travel

In this paper, a joint model of vehicle type choice and utilization is formulated and estimated on a data set of vehicles drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey. The joint discrete–continuous model system formulated in this study explicitly accounts for common unobserved factors that may affect the choice and utilization of a certain vehicle type (i.e., self-selection effects). A new copula-based methodology is adopted to facilitate model estimation without imposing restrictive distribution assumptions on the dependency structures between the errors in the discrete and continuous choice components. The copula-based methodology is found to provide statistically superior goodness-of-fit when compared with previous estimation approaches for joint discrete–continuous model systems. The model system, when applied to simulate the impacts of a doubling in fuel price, shows that individuals are more likely to shift vehicle type choices than vehicle usage patterns.

An analysis of the factors influencing differences in survey-reported and GPS-recorded trips

Recent advances in global positioning systems (GPS) technology have resulted in a transition in household travel survey methods to test the use of GPS units to record travel details, followed by the application of an algorithm to both identify trips and impute trip purpose, typically supplemented with some level of respondent confirmation via prompted-recall surveys. As the research community evaluates this new approach to potentially replace the traditional survey-reported collection method, it is important to consider how well the GPS-recorded and algorithm-imputed details capture trip details and whether the traditional survey-reported collection method may be preferred with regards to some types of travel. This paper considers two measures of travel intensity (survey-reported and GPS-recorded) for two trip purposes (work and non-work) as dependent variables in a joint ordered response model. The empirical analysis uses a sample from the full-study of the 2009 Indianapolis regional household travel survey. Individuals in this sample provided diary details about their travel survey day as well as carried wearable GPS units for the same 24-h period. The empirical results provide important insights regarding differences in measures of travel intensities related to the two different data collection modes (diary and GPS). The results suggest that more research is needed in the development of workplace identification algorithms, that GPS should continue to be used alongside rather than in lieu of the traditional diary approach, and that assignment of individuals to the GPS or diary survey approach should consider demographics and other characteristics.     

Analysis of child pick-up during daily routines and for daytime no-notice evacuations

In a no-notice disaster (e.g., nuclear explosion, terrorist attack, or hazardous materials release), an evacuation may start immediately after the disaster strikes. When a no-notice evacuation occurs during the daytime, household members are scattered throughout the regional network, and some family members (e.g., children) may need to be picked up. This household pick-up and gathering behavior was seldom investigated in previous work due to insufficient data; this gap in our understanding about who within families handles child-gathering is addressed here. Three hundred fifteen interviews were conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area to ascertain how respondents planned their response to hypothetical no-notice emergency evacuation orders. This paper presents the influencing factors that affect household pick-up and gathering behavior/expectations and the logistic regression models developed to predict the probability that parents pick up a child in three situations: a normal weekday and two hypothetical emergency scenarios. The results showed that both mothers and fathers were more likely to pick up a child under emergency conditions than they were on a normal weekday. For a normal weekday, increasing the distance between parents and children decreased the probability of parents picking up children; in other words, the farther parents are from their children, the less likely they will pick them up. In an emergency, effects of distance on pick-up behavior were significant for women, but not significant for men; that is, increasing the distance between parents and children decreased the probability that mothers pick up a child, but had a less significant effect on the fathers’ probability. Another significant factor affecting child pick-up behavior/expectations was household income when controlling for distance. The results of this study confirm that parents expect to gather children under emergency conditions, which needs to be accounted for in evacuation planning; failure to do so could cause difficulties in executing the pick-ups, lead to considerable queuing and rerouting, and extend the time citizens are exposed to high levels of risk.     

Modeling and optimizing urban bus transit considering headway variation for cost and service reliability analysis

Due to the stochastic nature of traffic conditions and demand fluctuations, it is a challenging task for operators to maintain reliable services, and passengers often suffer from longer travel times. A failure to consider this issue while planning bus services may lead to undesirable results, such as higher costs and a deterioration in level of service. Considering headway variation at route stops, this paper develops a mathematical model to optimize bus stops and dispatching headways that minimize total cost, consisting of both user and operator costs. A Genetic Algorithm is applied to search for a cost-effective solution in a real-world case study of a bus transit system, which improves service reliability in terms of a reduced coefficient of variation of headway.     

Mechanical Behaviors and Design Parameters of Segmental Tunnel Linings with New Type of Joints北大核心CSCD

Segmental linings in shield tunnelling are composed of segments and joints. Mechanical behaviors of the joints govern overall behaviors of tunnel linings. Two new types of joints are adopted in Shanghai Metro Line 18, including the fast-insertion joints for adjacent rings, and the fast-slide joints for adjacent segments. In order to explore the overall behavior of segmental linings with these new types of joints, the full-scale tests are carried out for new lining structure with aligned and staggered longitudinal joints. The mechanical behaviors of the tunnel linings under different loading conditions are obtained. Furthermore, the calculation models of the tunnel linings are discussed, and regarding the modified routine method, the structural design parameters under different loading conditions are calculated, which provides a reference for the design and the comparison of the assembly method of the tunnel linings with new types of joints. © 2018, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.