Workshop 3B: Governance,ownership and competition issues in deregulated (free market) public transport: Lessons that can be learnt from developed and developing economies

The past emphasis in this conference series has been on the best ways to deregulate regulated public transport markets. This workshop reverses this process by examining the best ways to regulate deregulated public transport markets. A hierarchy of regulatory needs is identified and three hybrid models examined, based loosely on experience from Great Britain, New Zealand and Sweden. It is argued that deregulated public transport markets are a global phenomenon but regulatory measures should reflect local requirements. The resultant process of glocalisation might result in regulatory measures that focus on the rules of law and their enforcement in emerging public transport markets (such as urban transport in Sub Saharan Africa and for the soon to be competitive inter urban market in Germany) but that focus on guidance for network integration and incentivisation for welfare maximisation in more mature public transport markets (as in Great Britain, New Zealand and Sweden).     

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为系统研究城市公交车服务质量的影响因素及作用机理,借鉴SERVPERF服务质量分析方法,从乘客感知角度设计了公交车服务质量的5维度影响因素（有形性、保证性、可靠性、响应性和关怀性）测量模型.通过相关性分析发现,可靠性维度与公交车乘客感知总体服务质量的相关性最高,而响应性最低;同时,有形性、保证性与可靠性呈高度正相关.结果表明,城市公交要继续加强服务的可靠性管理、不断提高司乘人员的服务意识;同时需要强化公交车车体形象管理并采取人性化管理措施,对提高城市公交的乘客感知服务质量具有积极的促进作用.     

国V公交车实际道路排放特性研究

使用车载排放测试系统测试了北京市4种不同技术路线的14辆国V车辆的实际道路排放情况。结果表明,氧化催化器( DOC)能明显降低天然气公交车的CO排放,但其对THC的降排效果有待提高。采用EGR技术的天然气公交车在低速时NOx减排效果较柴油车好,但是高速时没有优势。使用SCR系统的柴油车CO和THC排放较低,但低速时NOx 排放较高。而天然气车由于排气温度较高,加装SCR系统后可有效降低NOx排放,效果最理想。天然气公交车的颗粒物质量排放远低于柴油车,但是由于稀释方式的影响,其核模态的颗粒物数量较多。     

基于互联网+的新能源公交车远程监控平台研究

文章根据实车调研提出了关于新能源公交车的远程监控系统,并设计了一种基于互联网+的新能源公交车远程监控平台系统.该系统车载终端的控制器利用CAN总线采集车辆的整车状态和三电系统状态信息,并通过数据分析确定是否存在故障并进行故障预警,再利用GPS获取公交车的位置信息,通过互联网终端即可掌握车辆运行状态.最后通过实车实验,验...     

电推船舶变压器及母线的选择性保护设计分析

为解决变压器选择性保护指导方法与其断路器选型的匹配性差、船规对电推船舶母线保护及选择性的指导描述不多的问题,提出了基于厂家选择性匹配表选型的变压器选择性分析方法,及基于低电压穿越技术基础上的母线分段差动保护作为主保护、断路器间时间电流选择性或区域选择性作为后备保护的母线选择性分析方法。通过实船测试,采用母线分段差动保护的方法,提高了母线短路时的选择性能力,降低了推进逆变器的低电压穿越时间要求。     

大型客车燃油消耗量分布模型的拟合优度检验

以102个大型客车燃油消耗量样本的D、A~2和W~2统计量对6种分布模型进行拟合优度检验,包括概率分布检验和似然比择优检验.结果表明,Gamma分布比其它分布模型更好地描述大型客车燃油消耗量的分布特征.用Gamma分布模型计算了满足不同燃料消耗限值的客车百分比,为合理设定燃料消耗限值提供了理论依据.     

Environmental life-cycle assessment of transit buses with alternative fuel technology

The paper presents a life-cycle assessment of costs and greenhouse gas emissions for transit buses deploying a hybrid input-output model to compare ultra-low sulfur diesel to hybrid diesel-electric, compressed natural gas, and hydrogen fuel-cell. We estimate the costs of emissions reductions from alternative fuel vehicles over the life cycle and examine the sensitivity of the results to changes in fuel prices, passenger demand, and to technological characteristics influencing performance and emissions. We find that the alternative fuel buses reduce operating costs and emissions, but increase life-cycle costs. The infrastructure requirement to deploy and operate alternative fuel buses is critical in the comparison of life-cycle emissions. Additionally, efficient bus choice is sensitive to passenger demand, but only moderately sensitive to technological characteristics, and that the relative efficiency of compressed natural gas buses is more sensitive to changes in fuel prices than that of the other bus types.     

三轴客车在我国发展面临的机遇和挑战

介绍了三轴客车在国内外的发展现状,着重分析了三轴客车在性能、市场方面的优势,同时也阐述了三轴客车在技术上面临的问题,最后对三轴客车在国内的发展进行了展望。     

The transition to zero-emission buses in public transport – The need for institutional innovation

Zero-emission buses (ZEBs) are considered a vital element in the transition to a more sustainable (urban) transport system. Both battery-electric and hydrogen fuel cell buses do however face significant barriers to large-scale implementation. These barriers, e.g. high investment costs and limited driving range, are generally regarded as exogenous technological barriers which are beyond the sphere of influence of actors in the public transport sector. In this paper we question this assumption and therefore we look at the role of institutions in public bus transport. Based on a series of interviews with stakeholders in the Dutch public transport sector we argue that various regulative, normative, and cognitive institutions discourage the use of zero-emission buses in public transport. We conclude with several suggestions for institutional innovation to increase the chances for these buses.     

基于UTAUT的无人驾驶公交乘客接受度模型

为解决无人驾驶公交缺少乘客接受度定量描述方法的问题，在整合型技术接受模型的基础上，通过使用意向及使用行为探讨乘客接受度，构建了无人驾驶公交乘客接受度模型. 运用结构方程模型分析各影响因素之间的定量关系，以及各因素对无人驾驶公交使用意向及使用行为的作用大小. 最后将模型应用于重庆市公交出行者的实例分析中，结果表明，感知风险(-0.89***)和个人创新性(0.72***)对无人驾驶公交使用意向最为显著，而使用意向对使用行为起着决定性作用(0.98***)，并分析了年龄、性别、受教育程度对各影响因素调节作用的显著差异性.