动车组牵引计算仿真系统设计

分析动车组牵引计算仿真系统研究的背景,总结我国主流牵引计算软件运用于动车组计算时存在的不足,结合调研结果和用户需求分析,在此基础上设计一个新的适合动车组牵引计算仿真系统,主要设计内容包括系统功能、关键技术和存在难点。     

快速公交系统通行能力研究

通行能力分析是快速公交系统规划、设计和优化的基础。基于GI/G/1排队论模型和车站有效停靠泊位数构建了快速公交系统通行能力计算方法,其参数设置涉及影响快速公交系统通行能力的各种因素。通过对北京、广州、厦门、郑州等多个中国城市快速公交系统运营状况的调查分析,对相关参数进行了标定,以使其反映中国各地快速公交系统运营实际。最后以广州、厦门、郑州三市的快速公交系统为例,对上述方法的应用进行说明。     

Stability and bifurcation in network traffic flow: A Poincaré map approach

Previous studies have shown that, in a diverge-merge network with two intermediate links (the DM network), the kinematic wave model always admits stationary solutions under constant boundary conditions, but periodic oscillations can develop from empty initial conditions. Such contradictory observations suggest that the stationary states be unstable. In this study we develop a systematic approach to investigate the stability property of stationary states in this and other networks within the framework of network kinematic wave theories. Based on the observation that kinematic waves propagate in a circular path when only one of the two intermediate links is congested, we derive a one-dimensional, discrete Poincaré map in the out-flux at a Poincaré section. We then prove that the fixed points of the Poincaré map correspond to stationary flow-rates on the two links. With Lyapunov’s first method, we demonstrate that the Poincaré map can be finite-time stable, asymptotically stable, or unstable. When unstable, the map is found to have periodical points of period two, but no chaotic solutions. We further analyze the bifurcation in the stability of the Poincaré map caused by varying route choice proportions. We apply the Poincaré map approach to analyzing traffic patterns in more general (DM)ⁿ and beltway networks, which are sufficient and necessary structures for network-induced unstable traffic and gridlock, respectively. This study demonstrates that the Poincaré map approach can be efficiently applied to analyze traffic dynamics in any road networks with circular information propagation and provides new insights into unstable traffic dynamics caused by interactions among network bottlenecks.     

Accommodating risk in the valuation of expected travel time savings

Valuation of travel time savings is a critical measure in transport infrastructure appraisal, traffic modelling and network performance. It has been recognised for some time that the travel times associated with repeated trips are subject to variation, and hence there is risk embedded in the treatment of expected travel time. In the context of the expected utility framework, we use a nonlinear probability weighting function to accommodate choice made under risk. Although the empirical findings suggest small differences between the value of expected travel time savings (VETTS) in the presence and absence of risk, the mean estimate does make a noticeable difference to time benefits when applied to real projects. By incorporating nonlinear probability weighting, our model reveals that the probabilities associated with specific travel times that are shown to respondents in the choice experiment are transformed, resulting in overweighting of outcomes with low probabilities and underweighting of outcomes with high probabilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

大吨位徐变仪球铰非线性接触分析

因研究桥用高强度混凝土材料徐变性能的需要,自主研制了大吨位徐变仪。对于处于接触受力状态的徐变仪球铰区域,先用Hertz接触理论估算球铰区域尺寸范围,然后利用ANSYS通用有限元软件对该区域分别取2种垫板凹槽球径的模型进行接触分析,通过对比球铰区域的最大接触压力、mises应力、第3主应力来进一步确定垫板凹槽的合理球径。用该徐变仪对2座大桥成功进行了高强度混凝土徐变试验,并实际验证了试验荷载下徐变仪球铰区域的受力性能,以及有限元接触分析结果的正确性。     

某黄河特大桥施工用缆索桥设计与施工

以某黄河特大桥水中墩施工使用的临时缆索桥工程为例,介绍其主索张力应力、索塔受力、地锚稳定性及主缆索初始安装力与垂直度的设计验算,以及其施工安装方法,可为特殊地形地貌桥梁施工提供借鉴。     

锚索框架梁中锚固力分配与调整改进算法

根据预应力锚索框架梁加固边坡工程的特点,基于Winkler弹性地基梁假设,针对目前锚固力分配与调整的不合理性,分析了相邻节点影响下锚固力分配的原理,推导了相邻节点影响下锚固力分配的具体计算公式。并嵌入矩阵进行运算,提出了放大系数S的概念,代替传统的荷载调整方法对初次分配的锚固力进行再调整。计算结果表明,该锚固力分配和调整的方法,在节点处产生的位移不协调差值,比传统方法小很多。因此,此法更精确,值得推广应用。     

地面超载作用下双排桩结构计算分析

基于《基坑工程手册（第二版）》中的内容,参照Rankine土压力理论,考虑地面超载作用并结合具体工程实例,推导出考虑地面超载作用土压力分布模式。结合双排桩前后排桩的土压力分配模型,并采用荷载结构法,利用midas计算软件对双排桩进行了结构计算,得出双排桩水平位移和弯矩,对双排桩的设计有一定的指导意义。     

一种组合式衡重挡土墙设计方法

衡重式挡土墙在道路工程建设中占有较大比例,但墙高时,存在截面大、圬工量大、施工进度慢等缺陷,因此对其进行优化设计具有重要的工程意义。针对上述问题,提出了一种钢筋混凝土与砌体组合的衡重式挡土墙设计方法,给出了相应的计算模型及构造措施,通过理正岩土的挡土墙设计计算论证了方案的可行性。并结合边坡治理工程实例,进行了方案对比,结果表明本设计方法在经济性和环境效益等方面取得了良好的效果。因此组合式衡重挡土墙设计方法在岩土工程中有广阔的市场前景,也为类似工程提供了借鉴意义。     

旧水泥混凝土路面沥青加铺层应力影响因素分析

为了分析旧水泥路面沥青加铺层的应力分布情况,采用三维有限元力学计算方法,分析加铺层模量、旧水泥混凝土板的有关参数以及基础条件对加铺层应力的影响。由计算可知,在一定程度内,加铺层模量的增大有助于减弱荷载造成的损害;适当增大接缝宽度,提高基层和土基的模量及有效处治板底脱空,可以减小沥青加铺层内的应力,延缓或防止反射裂缝发展。