水泥混凝土搅拌设备计量标定

水泥混凝土搅拌设备的计量精度和配料误差是控制搅拌设备混合料生产质量和稳定性的关键,结合内蒙古白霍线(白音华-霍林郭勒)水泥混凝土路面施工实体工程,介绍了搅拌站的静态计量标定原理、方法步骤,动态配料误差检查程序和方法。     

Calibration of nonlinear car-following laws for traffic oscillation prediction

Frequency-domain analysis has been successfully used to (i) predict the amplification of traffic oscillations along a platoon of vehicles with nonlinear car-following laws and (ii) measure traffic oscillation properties (e.g., periodicity, magnitude) from field data. This paper proposes a new method to calibrate nonlinear car-following laws based on real-world vehicle trajectories, such that oscillation prediction (based on the calibrated car-following laws) and measurement from the same data can be compared and validated. This calibration method, for the first time, takes into account not only the driver’s car-following behavior but also the vehicle trajectory’s time-domain (e.g., location, speed) and frequency-domain properties (e.g., peak oscillation amplitude). We use Newell’s car-following model (1961) as an example and calibrate its parameters based on a penalty-based maximum likelihood estimation procedure. A series of experiments using Next Generation Simulation (NGSIM) data are conducted to illustrate the applicability and performance of the proposed approach. Results show that the calibrated car-following models are able to simultaneously reproduce observed driver behavior, time-domain trajectories, and oscillation propagation along the platoon with reasonable accuracy.     

Multilane first-order traffic flow model with endogenous representation of lane-flow equilibrium

In this study, we develop a multilane first-order traffic flow model for freeway networks. In the model, lane changing is considered as a stochastic behavior that can decrease an individual driver’s disutility or cost, and is represented as dynamics toward the equilibrium of lane-flow distribution along with longitudinal traffic dynamics. The proposed method can be differentiated from those in previous studies because in this study, the motivation of lane changing is explicitly considered and it is treated as a utility defined by the current macroscopic traffic state. In addition, the entire process of lane changing is computed macroscopically by an extension of the kinematic wave theory employing IT principle; moreover, in the model framework, the lane-flow equilibrium curve is endogenously generated because of self-motivated lane changes. Furthermore, the parsimonious representation enables parameter calibration using the data collected from conventional loop detectors. The calibration of the data collected at four different sites, including a sag bottleneck, on the Chugoku expressway in Japan reveals that the proposed method can represent the lane-flow distribution of any observation site with high accuracy, and that the estimated parameters can reasonably explain the multilane traffic dynamics and the bottleneck phenomena uphill of sag sections.     

基于自然驾驶数据的高速公路跟驰模型参数标定

为了研究中国驾驶人在高速公路上的跟驰行为特征,从上海自然驾驶研究试验数据库中提取48位驾驶人在高速公路上的跟驰事件并进行特征分析。利用自动化筛选准则及人工验证方式提取1 548个有效事件,选取后车车速与车头间距为性能指标,其均方根百分比误差之和为目标函数,利用遗传算法对Gazis-Herman-Rothery模型、GIPPS模型、智能驾驶人模型、全速度差模型和Wiedemann模型进行参数标定及效果验证。基于误差、碰撞及后退等异常情况出现次数等比较其表现性。研究结果表明：不同模型对中国驾驶人的适应性不同,智能驾驶人模型具有最小的误差和误差标准差,更加适合仿真中国驾驶人在高速公路上的跟驰行为。研究结果对于开发适合于中国驾驶人与道路环境特征的跟驰模型具有重要价值。     

柴油机电控喷油系统标定

本文介绍了基于计算机控制的柴油机电控系统标定系统，通过优化过程获得最优标定结果的优化标定方法和基于模型在线优化标定策略，使用该标定系统标定柴油机电喷油系统，匹配６１１０柴油机和ＭＤ－ＴＩＣＳ喷油泵，在满足排放法规的前提下，获得了最佳经济性。     

基于非集计MNL模型的轨道交通方式预测

以城市轨道交通方式划分为研究对象,将轨道交通方式预测分两个阶段. 第一阶段采用转移曲线法预测无轨道交通条件下的各种交通方式的比例结构,第二阶段选取时间、费用作为效用函数的特征变量,以交通行为调查的RP和SP联合数据为基础,计算了各种交通方式向轨道交通转移率,建立了应用于轨道交通方式预测的非集计MNL模型. 最后以苏州城市轨道交通方式划分为例,进行了模型参数估计和轨道交通分担率的预测. 结果表明,常规公交和自行车交通方式向轨道交通转移比例较高,该模型能较全面地考虑居民出行选择的各方面影响因素,模型的预测实用性较好.     

发动机匹配优化算法的研究

依据优化标定方法,设计了基于发动机排放控制的优化方案,并建立了以发动机经济性为目标,排放性作为约束的优化数学模型．对适用于该数学模型的信赖域法、模式搜索算法、遗传算法等优化算法进行了论证．针对实际发动机排放优化问题对各种算法的优劣进行了比较,并在此基础上提出了组合算法的思想．优化结果表明,组合算法全局搜索性和优化结果良好,且计算时间、计算量等较单一优化算法时均有显著改善．     

基于双目视觉的原木材积自动检测系统

根据原木材积检测的特点,针对传统人工检尺存在的主要问题,基于双目视觉理论,设计了一种由CCD摄像机、单片机和上位机图像处理软件组成的自动化测量系统.选用HYC-600摄像机组建双目视觉前端,并给出了单片机信号采集处理板、光电编码器和光电开关等关键技术的设计方法,完成了双目标定、Bouquet校正、三维重构和各功能模块的软件开发.实验结果表明：该检测系统能有效克服人工检尺的缺点,成本低、精度高、可靠性强、安装使用方便.     

无人驾驶汽车路径识别算法研究

主要介绍采用机器视觉的无人驾驶汽车在路径识别方面采用的一种新的路径识别方法,该方法通过摄像头标定、车辆位置和道路位置标定、图像预处理等一系列预先处理方式,结合图像识别中的启发式搜索算法达到准确识别路径的目的。