沥青混凝土路面应用温拌技术的经济节能环保探讨

文章以贵州省江口至玉屏高速为例,介绍了沥青混合料温拌技术的应用现状和技术优势,从造价、节能、减排三个方面重点研究了沥青混合料温拌技术与热拌技术分析比较。得出结论:采用温拌技术对路面造价影响较大,增幅达到60%~80%,节约能源消耗30%,减少有害气体排放达到50%。因此,应着力研发一种价格低廉性能良好的温拌技术,使其更广泛地应用于沥青路面建设,从而建设"资源节约型"、"环境友好型"社会,共创国家生态文明建设。     

Minimizing lifetime structural costs: Optimizing for production and maintenance under service life uncertainty

Current naval shipowners are being forced to extend the service lives of their aging vessels from budgetary and political constraints. This is causing them to incur significant costs due to maintaining the structure of these older ships to keep the ships in operation. These increasing costs make it desirable to design new naval structures with their minimization in mind, as well as ensuring that such vessels are robust to changes in expected service life with respect to their total lifetime cost. However, such structures will necessarily have higher production costs, therefore, an optimization framework is presented to estimate both production and maintenance costs for a naval vessel's internal structure and develop trade-spaces between these two competing objectives in order to find designs that represent a balance of both.     

浅谈港口设备制造企业成本控制

面对激烈的竞争,设备制造企业必须加强成本控制。以上海电力环保设备总厂为例,阐述全面预算管理在港口设备制造企业的具体应用和产品成本控制的做法。分析存在问题,提出改进措施。     

An equilibrium analysis of commuter parking in the era of autonomous vehicles

This study is the first in the literature to model the joint equilibrium of departure time and parking location choices when commuters travel with autonomous vehicles (AVs). With AVs, walking from parking spaces to the work location is not needed. Instead, AVs will drop off the commuters at the workplace and then drive themselves to the parking spaces. In this context, the equilibrium departure/arrival profile is different from the literature with non-autonomous vehicles (non-AVs). Besides modeling the commuting equilibrium, this study further develops the first-best time-dependent congestion tolling scheme to achieve the system optimum. Also, a location-dependent parking pricing scheme is developed to replace the tolling scheme. Furthermore, this study discusses the optimal parking supply to minimize the total system cost (including both the travel cost and the social cost of parking supply) under either user equilibrium or system optimum traffic flow pattern. It is found that the optimal planning of parking can be different from the non-AV situation, since the vehicles can drive themselves to parking spaces that are further away from the city center and walking of commuters is avoided. This paper sheds light on future parking supply planning and traffic management.     

高速铁路接触网非工作支平腕臂变形原因分析及措施

时速300km及以上的高速铁路接触网采用铝合金腕臂,实际工程应用中出现了非工作支平腕臂变形现象,有必要分析其原因并采取措施。以某高速铁路为例,结合接触网主要技术参数,从铝合金热处理、应力释放、工差配合、施工工序等理论方面分析可能导致腕臂变形的原因;将变形腕臂模型化为简支梁结构,校验腕臂的强度;建立转换柱的几何模型,采用ANSYS有限元分析方法,计算关键节点的变形量。采用上述两种方法校验的结果表明:设计采用的结构能满足腕臂挠度不大于1%的要求。为了加强铝合金腕臂的整体强度,避免由于材料加工制造、施工安装等方面原因造成腕臂挠度超标现象,结合现场试验,采取增设腕臂支撑措施。     

Making public policy through citizen committees: Case histories from the Islands

Abstract

Citizen committees properly designed can strongly influence public policy. Examples are taken from the results of reports on marine affairs that citizen committees wrote in Hawaii, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. Community acceptance and use of each report came about because (1) many members of the committees were in positions to act on the recommendations, (2) the recommendations were specific and called for actions other than studies, and (3) the governor of each area had asked that a report be drawn. To ensure attention to the reports, each governor had agreed that they would be uncensored, widely publicized, and released concurrently to the public and the government.     

公路项目施工中的成本控制探讨

公路工程是社会主义现代化建设的重点项目,项目成本控制是公路施工管理的一项内容,对项目建设的总耗资有极大的影响,成本控制效果的提高有助于公路工程创造更大的收益。     

Economies of density and factor substitution in Dublin city bus services — a translog approach

The primary aim of the paper is to determine a short‐run cost function for Dublin City Bus Services (DCS), using a translog approach. The results show that there are significant economies of density in the transit operation. The results also indicate that the structure of DCS is characterised by a homothetic production function and that partial elasticities of substitution are non‐unitary.     

企业在项目施工过程中的合同管理

自从我国引进工程项目管理之后,工程施工全面进入招投标阶段,施工企业的生存主要是取得工程承包合同,因此随着我国法律法规的不断完善和发展,施工企业合同管理工作就变得越来越重要。     

Reducing the cost of ballast tank corrosion: an economic modeling approach

One of the most relevant problems in ship construction and maintenance nowadays concerns the corrosion in the double hull space ballast tanks of modern merchant vessels. On the one hand, there is a general consensus that the economic life span of such a vessel depends primarily upon the corrosion state of its ballast tanks, while on the other hand, the position of these tanks, squeezed between the outer hull and the loading tanks, makes routine inspection and maintenance almost impossible.Today, ship's ballast tanks are usually constructed in grade A steel and protected with a standard epoxy coating, backed up with sacrificial zinc anodes. Such a construction has been applied without significant alterations for many years. However, the objective of this economic study is to compare this construction method with some feasible alternatives. The considered alternatives are: (1) an increase of the scantlings, eliminating the necessity to replace corroded steel but diminishing the cargo carrying capacity of the ship, (2) application of the novel and more durable TSCF₂₅ coating (3), the use of corrosion resistant steel in ship construction or (4) a standard PSPC₁₅ coating combined with lifetime lasting aluminum sacrificial anodes. After running each alternative through a cost model including an extensive sensitivity analysis, it is concluded that the durable coating and the use of lifetime lasting aluminum anodes are bound to improve the actual basic tank concept. Corrosion resistant steel becomes attractive depending upon the evolution of the international steel market.