重庆市县际联网公路建设中招标办法的探讨

本文通过分析和比较近年来重庆市县际联网公路建设中所采用的招标办法的优缺点,提出采用有标底低标法,可以有效地控制建设投资,遏制一些小单位借资质投标的现象,在工程施工中掌握主动权.为工程建设的招标工作提供了一定的借鉴经验.     

Hybrid- and battery-electric vehicles offer low-cost climate benefits in China

Car ownership in China is expected to grow dramatically in the coming decades. If growing personal vehicle demand is met with conventional cars, the increase in greenhouse gas emissions will be substantial. One way to mitigate carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions from passenger travel is to meet growing demand for cars with alternative vehicles such as hybrid- and battery-electric vehicles (HEVs and BEVs). Our study examines the cost-effectiveness of transitioning from conventional cars to HEVs and BEVs, by calculating their marginal abatement cost (MAC) of carbon in the long-run. We find that transitioning from conventional to hybrid and battery electric light-duty, four-wheel vehicles can achieve carbon emissions reductions at a negative cost (i.e. at a net benefit) in China. In 2030, the average MAC is estimated to be about −$140/ton CO₂ for HEVs and −$515/ton CO₂-saved for BEVs, varying by key parameters. The total mitigation potential of each vehicle technology is estimated to be 1.38 million tons for HEVs and 0.75 million tons for BEVs.     

金沙江梯级开发航运发展条件研究

介绍金沙江中下游航道与港口现状及发展规划和水电开发利用规划,对金沙江航运经济腹地进行综合交通运输体系分析并对典型路径运输成本进行测算。在调研分析的基础上,对金沙江客货运量和主要港口吞吐量进行预测。结合水电梯级开发对航道条件的影响,分析金沙江航道开发潜能,提出长江干线航道上延至金沙江的合理区段。针对金沙江中下游4个水电枢纽的现场条件,分析适应翻坝运输的货种对象,提出过坝线路选择与运输组织的原则,开展"水-陆-水"翻坝运输方案与"陆-水"公路短途驳运方案的技术经济分析。以期为金沙江攀枝花—水富段航运资源开发论证提供参考。     

Economic feasibility of an NSR/SCR-combined container service on the Asia-Europe lane: a new approach dynamically considering sea ice extent

The trend towards global warming and the rapid decline in the extent of summer Arctic sea ice over recent years has increased the feasibility of international Arctic shipping. In this study we propose a seasonal NSR (North Sea Route)/SCR (Suez Canal Route)-combined shipping service linking Shanghai and Rotterdam, using the Northern Sea Route during the economical navigable window but using the traditional Suez Canal Route at other times. Different from the previous literatures, this paper dynamically considers the sea ice extent in the model, which is more reasonable for the assessment of Arctic container shipping, because fuel consumption is highly related to ship speed, while ship speed is determined by the relative distances of ice-covered and ice-free route stages. A new approach is developed to predict the time points at which the ship enters and exits the ice-covered stage, given that both the ship position and the extent of sea ice are constantly changing. The results show that the NSR/SCR-combined Arctic container service can be more economical than the SCR, given lower NSR tariffs.     

砂被联合软体排在深海区护底工程中的应用

常规护底工程常采用软体排和砂被分开施工的方法,该方法在浅水区能够较好地适应,但由于深海区水流条件复杂,施工质量难以得到控制。结合具体工程实例,提出砂被联合软体排的方案,介绍了该方案的原理、施工流程和质量控制方法。通过实测结果验证了该方案在深海区护底工程中具有效率高、成本低、质量好的优点。     

A review of guidelines for including wider economic impacts in transport appraisal

In this paper we examine how 23 industrialised countries treat wider economic impacts (WEIs) in transport appraisals. We identify 12 different types of impacts based on these countries’ appraisal guidelines. Agglomeration impacts and Production changes in imperfect markets are the most widely accepted, being recognised by 14 and 10 countries, respectively. However, about half of the impacts are mentioned by only one country, and few recommend including the impacts directly in cost–benefit analyses. Several countries provide provisos or criteria that must be met before WEIs can be assessed in the first place. We found method recommendations for quantifying WEIs in 10 countries. However, with the exception of the UK Department for Transport’s (DfT) methodological framework, there is very little international consensus on the choice of appropriate methods. Our findings thus supplement and reinforce the conclusions from the Norwegian Official Report of the Hagen Committee [NOU 2012:16. (2012). Samfunnsøkonomiske analyser. Oslo: Departementenes servicesenter] that there is currently no established consensus on the magnitude and relevance of WEIs, or on how and which of these impacts should be taken into account in transport appraisals. Recommendations for further research and appraisal practices are provided.     

中天山隧道TBM施工机械台班维护费研究

为解决再制造TBM隧道施工机械台班维护费随工作台班数变化的成本支出控制问题,为相关企业的造价管理提供理论支撑,通过对西康秦岭隧道TB880E型全断面岩石掘进机施工现场统计的维护费数据进行分析,建立维护费和TBM台班数的数学关系模型,提炼出TBM维护费随台班数的发展函数关系式,验证中考虑到TBM停滞期间发生费用和局部再制造费用对工作台班数的影响,最后以中天山隧道等项目的TBM维护费支出情况来验证理论的正确性。得出： TBM隧道施工机械台班维护费和工作台班数存在一定的函数关系; 研究思路和成果可为今后类似隧道工程在前期概算编制、成本控制等方面提供参考,为铁路行业的管理者在今后制定相关TBM隧道施工企业定额、项目精细化管理提供借鉴。     

一个结合库存策略的物流选址模型

通过对最优库存策略的研究,在总需求一定的情况下,得出总库存费用与配送中心数目的平方根模拟表达式,并进一步提出考虑库存成本的选址模型。克服了以往物流选址模型中忽略库存成本这一主要因素的缺陷,使配送中心选址决策进一步完善。在给出了遗传算法的基础上,结合实际情况对模型及其算法予以简化使之具有实用性。     

公路网化工程造价的合理控制

从公路网化工程建设的特殊性出发,指出要使工程造价得到合理的控制,必须防止,“以包代管”在建设中实行逐级审批制,充分运用政府宏观调拄职能,在工程实施阶段对资金予以全局运筹,同一工程中的不同施工单位要在竞争中求协作,使工程的造价控制在理想的额度内。     

基于造价分析某地下连续墙槽壁塌方处理方案研究

我国城市建设前几十年如火如荼,现今发达地区已进入高质量发展阶段,这就不可避免地要求基坑围护越来越多的采用可靠性较高的地下连续墙方案,但由于地质条件的千变万化,突发事件也越来越多.以某地下连续墙槽壁塌方处理为例,通过对造价和效果的分析,介绍事件的处理方案,可以为类似项目提供有益的参考.