What are the value and implications of two-car households for the electric car?

The major barriers to a more widespread introduction of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) beyond early adopters are the limited range, charging limitations, and costly batteries. An important question is therefore where these effects can be most effectively mitigated. An optimization model is developed to estimate the potential for BEVs to replace one of the conventional cars in two-car households and to viably contribute to the households’ driving demand. It uses data from 1 to 3 months of simultaneous GPS logging of the movement patterns for both cars in 64 commuting Swedish two-car households in the Gothenburg region.The results show that, for home charging only, a flexible vehicle use strategy can considerably increase BEV driving and nearly eliminate the unfulfilled driving in the household due to the range and charging limitations with a small battery. The present value of this flexibility is estimated to be on average $6000–$7000 but varies considerably between households. With possible near-future prices for BEVs based on mass production cost estimates, this flexibility makes the total cost of ownership (TCO) for a BEV advantageous in almost all the investigated households compared to a conventional vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle. Because of the ubiquity of multi-car households in developed economies, these families could be ideal candidates for the initial efforts to enhance BEV adoptions beyond the early adopters. The results of this research can inform the design and marketing of cheaper BEVs with small but enough range and contribute to increased knowledge and awareness of the suitability of BEVs in such households.     

Rebound effects in UK road freight transport

This paper analyses aggregate time-series data to estimate the direct rebound effect in UK road freight over the period 1970–2014. We investigate 25 different model specifications, conduct a comprehensive set of diagnostic tests to evaluate the robustness of these specifications and estimate the rebound effect using three different elasticities. Using the mean of the statistically significant estimates from these specifications, we estimate a direct rebound effect of 61% - which is larger than previous estimates in the literature and almost twice as large as the consensus estimate of direct rebound effects in road passenger transport. Using the mean of the estimates from our most robust models, we estimate a slightly lower direct rebound effect of 49%. Our estimates are fairly consistent between different model specifications and different metrics, although individual estimates range from 21% to 137%. We also find that an increasing proportion of UK road freight is being undertaken by foreign registered vehicles, and that increases in the vehicle weight limits have encouraged more freight activity. We highlight the significant limitations imposed by the use of aggregate time series data and recommend that further studies in this area employ data from vehicle use surveys.     

An equilibrium analysis of commuter parking in the era of autonomous vehicles

This study is the first in the literature to model the joint equilibrium of departure time and parking location choices when commuters travel with autonomous vehicles (AVs). With AVs, walking from parking spaces to the work location is not needed. Instead, AVs will drop off the commuters at the workplace and then drive themselves to the parking spaces. In this context, the equilibrium departure/arrival profile is different from the literature with non-autonomous vehicles (non-AVs). Besides modeling the commuting equilibrium, this study further develops the first-best time-dependent congestion tolling scheme to achieve the system optimum. Also, a location-dependent parking pricing scheme is developed to replace the tolling scheme. Furthermore, this study discusses the optimal parking supply to minimize the total system cost (including both the travel cost and the social cost of parking supply) under either user equilibrium or system optimum traffic flow pattern. It is found that the optimal planning of parking can be different from the non-AV situation, since the vehicles can drive themselves to parking spaces that are further away from the city center and walking of commuters is avoided. This paper sheds light on future parking supply planning and traffic management.     

顺德碧桂园大桥主桥箱梁挂篮悬臂浇筑施工

文中介绍了顺德碧桂园大桥主桥箱梁挂篮拼装及悬臂浇筑施工顺序,可为同类项目的实施作参考。     

松河特大桥盘县岸山体工程地质稳定分析与治理评价

根据勘察资料,应用CSMR分类、采空区矿柱稳定性计算等方法,对下伏煤矿采空区的松河特大桥桥台山体进行稳定性评价,并对山体治理成本进行分析。     

轨道交通车站站台板整体降落工程的造价分析

本文旨的在深入探讨实物量法在城市轨道交通改造工程成本分析阶段的实际应用。以某个具体的城市轨道交通站台板改造项目为案例,详尽阐述实物量法的应用流程。文章重点剖析在站台板整体降低施工过程中,关键工法与工序的详细情况,并结合理论计算及现场数据收集,对关键分项工程的人工、材料、机械的使用进行深入剖析。通过此分析,旨在准确确定站台板整体降低工程项目的成本估算指标,以确保估算编制的精确性,并为相似改造工程项目的估算编制提供借鉴。     

节拍生产在轨道交通制造业中的实践

通过轨道交通制造业导入节拍生产的实践,对节拍生产从定义到生产线设置方法进行了阐述,并通过举例对传统生产线和节拍生产线在生产效率、设备投资、物流设置、质量管理和人员管理等方面做了深入的分析。说明了节拍生产在成本改善方面的优势、相关应用和注意事项。     

浅谈港口建设项目设计阶段工程造价的控制方法

设计阶段的造价控制对整个工程投资的影响高达75％,故在设计阶段进行造价控制对港口建设项目总投资具有重要意义。介绍设计阶段进行方案优选、实行设计招投标制度、运用价值工程、实行限额设计以及设计监理等主动控制的基本方法,以合理地处理技术与经济之间的对立统一关系,达到节约总投资的目的。     

船舶分段建造工程工期、成本、质量综合均衡优化研究

针对当前实际在船舶分段建造工程管理中,人们较少针对工期、成本、质量综合优化的研究,提出通过研究船舶分段建造过程中的工期、成本、质量之间的相互制约关系,得出工期、成本、质量之间的综合均衡优化模型,并利用多目标优化理论和粒子群算法对模型进行求解。该方法能够得到船舶分段建造工程项目管理中的控制目标。     

基于动态控制的船舶制造成本反馈系统

成本失控是制约船舶企业竞争力的关键因素.为实现成本的动态控制,要求成本反馈系统能够及时、经济地提供准确的产品成本信息.为适应船舶制造成本反馈的特殊需求,对作业成本法进行了三点改进:统一了直接成本和间接成本处理方式、以广义工作中心进行成本归集和分配、合并了成本动因.算例表明改进的作业成本法计算出的产品成本准确性介于传统的成本核算方法和作业成本法之间,且贴近作业成本法.