A reliability-based assignment method for railway networks with heterogeneous passengers

Travel reliability can play an important role in shaping travelers’ route choice behavior. This paper develops a railway passenger assignment method to capture the reliability-based route choices, where the trains can have stochastic delays. The overall travel reliability has two components: the travel time reliability (of trains) and the associated transfer reliability (of connections). In this context, mean-and-variance-based effective travel cost is adopted to model passengers’ evaluation of different travel options in the railway network. Moreover, passengers are heterogeneous as they may evaluate the effective travel cost differently, and they may have different requirements for the successful transfer probability (if transfers are involved in the trip). The determination of travel time reliability (of trains) is based on the travel delay distribution, and the successful transfer probability is calculated based on the delay probabilities of two trains in the transfer process. An algorithm has been designed for solving the model, and numerical examples are presented to test and illustrate the model.     

Rebound effects in UK road freight transport

This paper analyses aggregate time-series data to estimate the direct rebound effect in UK road freight over the period 1970–2014. We investigate 25 different model specifications, conduct a comprehensive set of diagnostic tests to evaluate the robustness of these specifications and estimate the rebound effect using three different elasticities. Using the mean of the statistically significant estimates from these specifications, we estimate a direct rebound effect of 61% - which is larger than previous estimates in the literature and almost twice as large as the consensus estimate of direct rebound effects in road passenger transport. Using the mean of the estimates from our most robust models, we estimate a slightly lower direct rebound effect of 49%. Our estimates are fairly consistent between different model specifications and different metrics, although individual estimates range from 21% to 137%. We also find that an increasing proportion of UK road freight is being undertaken by foreign registered vehicles, and that increases in the vehicle weight limits have encouraged more freight activity. We highlight the significant limitations imposed by the use of aggregate time series data and recommend that further studies in this area employ data from vehicle use surveys.     

What are the value and implications of two-car households for the electric car?

The major barriers to a more widespread introduction of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) beyond early adopters are the limited range, charging limitations, and costly batteries. An important question is therefore where these effects can be most effectively mitigated. An optimization model is developed to estimate the potential for BEVs to replace one of the conventional cars in two-car households and to viably contribute to the households’ driving demand. It uses data from 1 to 3 months of simultaneous GPS logging of the movement patterns for both cars in 64 commuting Swedish two-car households in the Gothenburg region.The results show that, for home charging only, a flexible vehicle use strategy can considerably increase BEV driving and nearly eliminate the unfulfilled driving in the household due to the range and charging limitations with a small battery. The present value of this flexibility is estimated to be on average $6000–$7000 but varies considerably between households. With possible near-future prices for BEVs based on mass production cost estimates, this flexibility makes the total cost of ownership (TCO) for a BEV advantageous in almost all the investigated households compared to a conventional vehicle or a hybrid electric vehicle. Because of the ubiquity of multi-car households in developed economies, these families could be ideal candidates for the initial efforts to enhance BEV adoptions beyond the early adopters. The results of this research can inform the design and marketing of cheaper BEVs with small but enough range and contribute to increased knowledge and awareness of the suitability of BEVs in such households.     

如何控制公路工程造价上涨

从我国公路工程造价现状的综合分析入手,通过对公路工程造价上涨因素的分析,提出了实行规范化管理、加强经济管理、创造良好的市场环境三项措施。     

对公路桥梁造价及工料分析

结合黑龙江省龙江县水毁桥梁还建工程实例,从造价及工、料、机等方面分析了几种桥梁结构的优劣。     

顺德碧桂园大桥主桥箱梁挂篮悬臂浇筑施工

文中介绍了顺德碧桂园大桥主桥箱梁挂篮拼装及悬臂浇筑施工顺序,可为同类项目的实施作参考。     

松河特大桥盘县岸山体工程地质稳定分析与治理评价

根据勘察资料,应用CSMR分类、采空区矿柱稳定性计算等方法,对下伏煤矿采空区的松河特大桥桥台山体进行稳定性评价,并对山体治理成本进行分析。     

柔性基层长寿命沥青路面全寿命周期成本分析

以昆明-安宁高速公路路面工程为实例,采用全寿命周期成本分析方法,对柔性基层长寿命沥青路面结构和传统强基薄面的半刚性基层沥青路面结构进行经济分析？分析表明,柔性基层长寿命沥青路面结构在分析周期内具有更低的直接成本,使用寿命可延长5～6倍,维修作业时间可缩短6～9倍,维修方便易行,对交通影响很小,可节约大量的用户间接费用.     

物流与企业竞争战略(Ⅰ)

企业存在两种基本的竞争优势 ,即成本优势和别具一格。物流犹如人体的血液循环系统 ,对建立企业的竞争优势具有重要的贡献 .笔者从物流与企业成本优势的关系入手 ,阐述了物流是企业竞争战略的重要组成部分     

壁厚一定时Si／C比对灰铸铁力学性能的影响

通过加强炉前处理，控制Ｓｉ／Ｃ比得到了不同力学性能的灰铸铁。