钢管混凝土拱空间极限承载力高精度分析

采用考虑材料非线性的钢管混凝土拱空间极限承载力计算方法对1个X型双肋拱与1个平行双肋拱进行了空间极限承载力计算。在该方法中，对钢管混凝土拱结构采用纤维单元模型，该模型假定钢管与混凝土完全粘接，钢管对核心混凝土的套箍作用体现在以一维形式表达的核心混凝土的应力-应变关系曲线之中，针对材料非线性分析中单元内各点刚度参差不齐的特点，采用单元内设小元的方法(相当于子结构)，编制了非线性有限元程序，在该程序中，计算模型完全是基于小元层次进行的，比如单元刚度矩阵由小元刚度矩阵凝聚而成，单元节点的残余力由小元节点的残余力构成，故只需改变单元内小元个数这1个参数就可实现对结构的重新划分且极大地降低了非线性方程组的阶数，非常方便且实用。在程序计算结果得到模型试验结果验证的基础上，还对不同的横撑根数对结构空间极限承载力的影响进行了分析。     

高墩大跨径弯连续刚构桥梁空间非线性稳定分析

在高墩大跨弯连续刚构桥梁的设计与施工中,结构稳定性非常重要。本文分别考虑结构的几何非线性和材料非线性力学特征,对高墩大跨弯连续刚构桥梁的结构稳定性进行详细的数值分析,并与线弹性的计算结果进行对比。结果表明:弯连续刚构桥梁的稳定问题已经转化为考虑结构材料屈服强度的极限承载力问题,同时几何非线性对稳定的影响亦不能忽略。     

利用公交通行能力解决公交问题的探讨

分析我国公交的发展,指出在我国发展公交的道路上缺乏对公交通行能力这一重要指标的思考,提出研究公交通行能力来解决我国公交运营中存在的问题,并建立公交(包括公交车辆和公交乘客)通行能力模型。然后以北京中关村大街的公交专用道为实例,从公交通行能力方面分析该段道路公交车拥堵、混乱产生的原因,然后根据实际情况提出解决措施。     

灌注混凝土桩施工方法及工艺的探讨

通过对钻孔灌注桩与沉入桩的对比分析,得出了钻孔灌注桩的优点,并且详细介绍了钻孔灌注桩的施工工艺和方法,总结了提高灌注混凝土桩承载力的方法和灌注桩的检测手段及一般事故处理方法,以供今后类似工程实践参考.     

大直径钢管桩承载力恢复过程试验研究

针对目前预制桩承载力恢复特性研究与工程应用中的不足,依托西非某海工工程,提出高应变法。采用对同一钢管桩进行初打与不同休止时间复打相结合的试验方法,研究了大直径钢管桩沉桩后的承载力恢复过程。结合地质情况、沉桩与试验结果,得到了钢管桩承载力、侧阻力及端阻力随时间变化的一般规律及影响因素,并通过静载试验对研究结果进行了验证。该研究在提高项目施工效率、降低成本的同时,还得到了有意义的规律与结论,可为后续类似项目提供参考。     

Autonomous cars: The tension between occupant experience and intersection capacity

Systems that enable high levels of vehicle-automation are now beginning to enter the commercial marketplace. Road vehicles capable of operating independently of real-time human control under an increasing set of circumstances will likely become more widely available in the near future. Such vehicles are expected to bring a variety of benefits. Two such anticipated advantages (relative to human-driver vehicle control) are said to be increased road network capacity and the freeing up of the driver-occupant’s time to engage in their choice of leisurely or economically-productive (non-driving) tasks.In this study we investigate the implications for intersection capacity and level-of-service of providing occupants of automated (without real-time human control), autonomously-operating (without vehicle-to-X communication) cars with ride quality that is equivalent (in terms of maximum rates of longitudinal and lateral acceleration) to two types of rail systems: [urban] light rail transit and [inter-urban] high-speed rail. The literature suggests that car passengers start experiencing discomfort at lower rates of acceleration than car drivers; it is therefore plausible that occupants of an autonomously-operating vehicle may wish to instruct their vehicle to maneuver in a way that provides them greater ride comfort than if the vehicle-control algorithm simply mimicked human-driving-operation.On the basis of traffic microsimulation analysis, we found that restricting the dynamics of autonomous cars to the acceleration/deceleration characteristics of both rail systems leads to reductions in a signalized intersection’s vehicle-processing capacity and increases in delay. The impacts were found to be larger when constraining the autonomous cars’ dynamics to the more-restrictive acceleration/deceleration profile of high-speed rail. The scenarios we analyzed must be viewed as boundary conditions, because autonomous cars’ dynamics were by definition never allowed to exceed the acceleration/deceleration constraints of the rail systems. Appropriate evidence regarding motorists’ preferences does not exist at present; establishing these preferences is an important item for the future research agenda.This paper concludes with a brief discussion of research needs to advance this line of inquiry.     

相继增压系统对改善船用直列八缸发动机性能的试验研究

随着大型柴油发动机经济性和排放要求的不断提升,以及对发动机稳态、瞬态特性要求的不断提高,传统的涡轮增压系统已无法满足船用发动机全工况性能的要求。为了提高产品竞争力和适配性,针对某8缸直列船用柴油发动机开发了带有定压排气管的相继增压系统,并进行了发动机台架试验研究。结果表明：发动机中、低转速时,相继增压系统使发动机比油耗可以下降5%-10%,排气温度降低30%-45%,烟度下降55%-60%；最大扭矩可以提升15.1%-36.4%；发动机最大扭矩转速工况突加突卸响应性提升约28%-29%；相继增压系统中定压排气管的设计使得发动机高工况性能也有所提升,从而实现发动机全工况性能的提升。     

Development and calibration of a long-distance passenger traffic assignment model

This paper studies the assignment of long-distance passenger traffic on a highway corridor network. First, we propose a traditional model for the long-distance traffic assignment considering interactions with local commuter traffic. It addresses the effect of local networks on highway corridors. An iterative algorithm is developed to solve for the exact solution. Then, to address the potential computational issues that arise therein, a decomposition method is proposed by introducing a new concept of corridor elasticity. An assignment procedure for long-distance passenger traffic is developed accordingly. Numerical tests show that the proposed decomposition method makes significant improvements in computational performance at a small loss of optimality. This decomposition method well approximates the exact assignment from the traditional formulation, especially when the highway corridors are near-saturation. The proposed decomposition method appears practical for application.     

基于剩余充电电量的锂离子电池组容量快速估计方法

针对传统锂离子电池组容量确定方法存在的效率低、能耗高且只能离线应用等问题,提出一种基于电池剩余充电电量的锂离子电池组容量快速估计方法。首先,基于充电电压曲线一致性原理,以电池组内率先充电至充电截止电压的电池单体电压曲线为基准,通过电压曲线的平移缩放与线性插值计算出各单体电池的剩余充电电量与剩余充电时间,从而实现各单体电池的荷电状态(State of Charge, SOC)在线估计,在此基础上实现电池组容量的快速估计。其次,在电池单体模型的基础上建立电池组的仿真模型,并在全SOC区域上对模型参数进行分段辨识。通过所建立的仿真模型得到电池组的充放电曲线,并对电池组容量进行估计。最后,对4个单体串联而成的电池组进行充电试验。研究结果表明:仿真容量与估计容量误差为1.2%以内,验证了所提出的容量快速估计算法的有效性;利用所提方法估计出电池组容量与试验得到的电池组容量的误差为2.61%;该方法根据电池充电曲线的平移与缩放即可在线估计出电池组容量,可应用于新电池组容量的在线快速估计,能在保证3%估计误差的基础上将检测效率提高到传统方法的2倍以上。     

信号交叉口行人二次过街下右转车通行能力与延误估计模型

在充分分析典型四相位交叉口行人二次过街设置前、后的行人流与右转车流冲突的前提下，以行人过街时间占有率和行人群到达分布作为分析指标，利用可插车间隙理论得出行人单向通行和双向通行条件下的右转车通行能力计算公式；根据行人流随机消散和集中消散的不同特征，应用随机分布理论推导出右转车穿越行人流的延误模型；并通过算例对比分析行人二次过街设置前、后右转车通行能力和延误的变化值。结果表明，除了在少数行人流量比较大的情况下， 行人二次过街的设置会小幅度减少右转车的延误；在其他大多数情况下，行人二次过街设置后， 右转车的通行能力将受到限制，延误增大，其中，平均通行能力降低了16.68%，平均延误时间增大 了21%，所以，当右转车交通需求较大时，需同时考虑行人和右转车的交通运行状态，优化设计是否采用行人二次过街，避免右转车超出极限忍耐时间而增大与行人冲突的概率。