西秦岭隧道TBM施工节能减排措施应用研讨

兰渝铁路西秦岭隧道是目前中国铁路建筑史上TBM掘进最长的隧道,工期紧,能源、资源投入大。项目根据TBM工法的实际特点,进一步夯实管理体制基础,紧绕"四节一环保"开展系列措施,同时依托科技创新,突出技术节能措施,并提出节能减排建议,在实现"高产低耗"方面取得了显著成效。     

Fluxes of biogenic carbon in the Southern Ocean: roles of large microphagous zooplankton

The Southern Ocean is an extreme environment, where waters are permanently cold, a seasonal ice cover extends over large areas, and the solar energy available for photosynthesis is severely restricted, either by vertical mixing to considerable depths or, especially south of the Antarctic Circle, by prolonged seasonal periods of low or no irradiance. Such conditions would normally lead to low productivity and a water column dominated by recycling processes involving microbial components of pelagic communities but this does not seem to be the case in the Southern Ocean, where there is efficient export to large apex predators and deep waters. This paper investigates the role of large microphagous zooplankton (salps, krill, and some large copepods) in the partitioning of biogenic carbon among the pools of short- and long-lived organic carbon and sequestered biogenic carbon. Large microphagous zooplankton are able to ingest microbial-sized particles and thus repackage small, non-sinking particles into both metazoan biomass and large, rapidly sinking faeces. Given the wide spatio-temporal extent of microbial trophic pathways in the Southern Ocean, large zooplankton that are omnivorous or able to ingest small food particles have a competitive advantage over herbivorous zooplankton. Krill efficiently transfer carbon to a wide array of apex predators and their faecal pellets are exported to depth during occasional brief sedimentation episodes in spring time. Salps may be a significant link towards some fish (directly) and other apex predators (indirectly) and, at some locations (especially in offshore waters) and time, they may account for most of the downward flux of biogenic carbon. Large copepods are a trophic link towards fish and at least one whale species, and their grazing activity generally impedes the export of organic particles to depth. As a result, biogenic carbon is channelled mainly towards apex predators and episodically into the deep ocean. Without these original interactions, Antarctic waters might well be dominated by microbial components and recycling processes instead of active export from the generally small primary producers towards large apex predators.     

光明桥的病害检测和维修加固

梁桥经过拓宽改建,形成了新、老梁体拼接的组合桥。此类桥梁由于新、老梁体的刚度不同及基础沉降原因出现拼接处开裂、错位等病害。以南奉公路光明桥为例,介绍了此类桥梁的检测、分析、病害修复的过程,对桥梁维修后的运行效果进行了跟踪观测。     

碳迁移对T91／12Cr1MoV异种钢管接头持久强度的影响

用焊接热模拟方法确定了焊后热处理工艺参数，通过选择９％Ｃｒ和５％Ｃｒ的焊材，研究了接头熔合区碳迁移行为，分析了脱碳层的碳浓度、碳化物类型、分布特征及其对接头持久强度 的影响。     

碳纤维材料加固破损预应力混凝土管桩的应用研究

主要研究了采用碳纤维材料修复加固破损圆环形截面混凝土构件时的情况,推导了混凝土构件的合理加固量和加固后的极限承载力的基本公式,并在此基础上推导出可供工程应用的简化公式。进行的相应的荷载试验验证了公式的可靠性。     

Study of optimal discharge pressure of compressor in CO2 refrigerating trans-critical cycle

In this paper, a carbon dioxide trans-critical refrigerating system which is different from a conventional subcritical refrigerating cycle was studied. The trans-critical carbon dioxide refrigerating systems are based on the Gustav Lorntzen cycle. Emphasis was focused on how to determine the optimal discharge pressure of compressor in CO2 trans-critical cycle. The factors related with the optimal discharge pressure were analyzed. A formula was developed based on cycle simulation, which could be used to predict the optimal discharge pressure of a basic CO2 trans-critical cycle. After further studies on CO2 trans-critical cycles with a regenerator or expander, two more formulas were also developed. These formulas could provide an access to improve the COP of CO2 trans-critical cycle.     

国际航运业船舶碳减排措施与行动

随着世界经济的发展,世界海运货物周转量随之增加,国际海运业的碳排放量持续增长,航运业减排的任务十分艰巨。本文结合航运业碳排放的特点,研究分析了国际海事组织(IMO)、欧盟及航运企业采取的一系列减排措施和采取的行动,为我国航运业减少碳排放提供了借鉴和参考依据。     

基于汽车轻量化制造的热固性复合材料浅析

本文列举热固性复合材料在汽车领域目前应用所处的现状,然后对汽车用的热固性复合材料进行详细说明,对目前存在的一些加工工艺进行相关说明,包括其特性和制造方法,并比较不同加工工艺特点,同时还探讨了碳纤维增强热固性复合材料在汽车上的应用,列举一些量产车上的应用实例。     

植被碳汇计算方法在路域生态系统的应用前景

通过对模型模拟法、现场实测法、遥感估算法、通量观测法四种主要的陆地生态系统植被碳汇计算方法的归纳、总结,对比分析了四种方法的优缺点.在分析路域生态系统特点的基础上,探讨了四种植被碳汇计算方法在路域生态系统中应用的可行性.结果表明:四种植被碳汇计算方法在路域生态系统的应用具备一定的可行性,但是需要根据环境特点、公路特征和研究目的进行合理选择、调整和组合.然而,目前尚缺乏应用案例,实证研究亟待加强.因此,针对研究现状,对交通行业今后的植被碳汇研究工作提出了建议,以期为我国公路路域植被碳汇计算及相关研究提供有益的借鉴.     

低碳背景下港口群混合轴辐式运输网络优化

为了在节能减排的现实背景下对区域港口群运输网络进行优化,探究了港口群运输网络中的各项成本以及船舶、车辆碳排放的影响因素,引入了碳排放权重、成本系数和时间效用系数,在实现港口群运输网络总成本最小的目标下,构建了考虑碳排放的港口群混合轴辐式运输网络优化模型,最后应用算例计算分析了速度变化下25种情景的最优结果,并从中确定了海上航运网络、陆上集疏运系统的最优运量、运力配置方案,使该模型具有实用性和可行性.