基于强化学习的城轨信息发布策略研究

通过信息发布影响乘客选择行为进而改变路网客流分布，是从需求侧缓解拥堵问题的重要手段之一.本文提出基于强化学习的城市轨道交通信息发布策略生成方法，根据路网各区间客流满载率提取系统状态，再根据系统状态在学习器生成由各OD推荐路径组成的信息发布动作，对乘客进行信息发布；通过发布信息后路网系统状态变化，评估获得实施信息发布动作的奖励值.依托城市轨道交通客流分布动态仿真系统，使用 Q- learning 算法进行训练，获得最优信息发布策略.以实际路网为例进行算例验证，通过对比有无信息发布情景得到，在有信息发布情景下路网客流拥堵情况得到了较大缓解.     

优化蚁群算法在最短路径诱导中的应用

最短路径算法在许多应用领域和研究中起着十分重要的作用。现有文献对最短路径问题提出了大量的优化求解方法和算法,大部分研究仅针对固定权值网络,对权值随时间变化等时变情况考虑较少。在通信系统、智能交通系统等实际网络及应用领域中,随着时间的变化,边的权值往往也同时改变。因此,时变网络中最短路径求解问题的研究更具有实用意义。针对一般算法存在的缺陷,现提出三点优化,使算法既能避免陷入局部最优解,又能更快地收敛到全局最优解。     

西安市城市道路指路标志标准化设计研究

为了向道路交通参与者提供准确、及时的路径引导信息,针对西安市指路标志存在的版面形式不统一、设置位置混乱等问题,基于道路网络结构与等级、交叉口流量与性质,从信息选取、汉字高度、版面内容、支撑方式及点位设置等角度出发,提出了西安市城市道路指路标志系统化设计方法.以期使城市道路交通指路标志系统更加完善,以保障城市道路交通标志对交通流的引导与路网的交通功能相符合.     

基于前景理论诱导信息的出行者路径选择模型

在前景理论的决策框架下,引入诱导因素,建立诱导信息影响下考虑出行可靠性的基于预算时间的参考点,以此得到相关的价值函数与概率权重函数。构建一个简单路网对模型进行验证,结果表明:基于前景理论诱导信息的出行者路径选择模型,较为符合出行者在实际状态下的路径选择行为,且可有效体现管理者的诱导意图,提高路网效率。     

基于拥挤收费的交通诱导控制策略研究

在城市道路交通网络中,一个或少数几个关键路段或路口如果出现拥堵,会使路口失效,并且在级联失效的作用下交通拥堵会形成连锁效应向外部扩散,最终导致路网的大面积交通拥堵。提出一种控制级联失效的交通诱导策略,通过改进诱导阻抗函数指引出行者的路径选择,控制级联失效的传播,保障交通网络的可靠性。通过试验分析得出:基于拥挤收费的交通诱导控制可有效地控制大规模网络级联失效的发生。     

Airline-driven ground delay programs: A benefits assessment

Three decades of research studies in ground delay program (GDP) decision-making, and air traffic flow management in general, have produced several analytical models and decision support tools to design GDPs with minimum delay costs. Most of these models are centralized, i.e., the central authority almost completely decides the GDP design by optimizing certain centralized objectives. In this paper, we assess the benefits of an airline-driven decentralized approach for designing GDPs. The motivation for an airline-driven approach is the ability to incorporate the inherent differences between airlines when prioritizing, and responding to, different GDP designs. Such differences arise from the airlines’ diverse business objectives and operational characteristics. We develop an integrated platform for simulating flight operations during GDPs, an airline recovery module for mimicking the recovery actions of each individual airline under a GDP, and an algorithm for fast solution of the recovery problems to optimality. While some of the individual analytical components of our framework, model and algorithm share certain similarities with those used by previous researchers, to the best of our knowledge, this paper presents the first comprehensive platform for simulating and optimizing airline operations under a GDP and is the most important technological contribution of this paper. Using this framework, we conduct detailed computational experiments based on actual schedule data at three of the busiest airports in the United States. We choose the recently developed Majority Judgment voting and grading method as our airline-driven decentralized approach for GDP design because of the superior theoretical and practical benefits afforded by this approach as shown by multiple recent studies. The results of our evaluation suggest that adopting this airline-driven approach in designing the GDPs consistently and significantly reduces airport-wide delay costs compared to the state-of-the-research centralized approaches. Moreover, the cost reduction benefits of the resultant airline-driven GDP designs are equitably distributed across different airlines.     

Traffic guidance–perimeter control coupled method for the congestion in a macro network

Macroscopic fundamental diagram (MFD) describes the macro relationship between a network vehicle density and a network space mean flow, without requiring the mastery of complex origin to destination data. Thus, MFD provides an opportunity for the macro control of urban road network. However, most of the existing MFD control methods ignore the active role of traffic guidance in solving congestion problems. This study presents a traffic guidance–perimeter control coupled (TGPCC) method to improve the performance of macroscopic traffic networks. The method considers the optimal cumulative volume of a network as the goal and establishes a programming function according to the network equilibrium rule of traffic flow amongst multiple MFD sub-regions, which regards the minimum delay of network, as the objective. The Logit model for the compliance rate of driver route guidance is established by the stated preference survey. Moreover, the perimeter control (PC) method is proposed for adjusting the phase split of intersections. Finally, three schemes, namely, the TGPCC, PC and the method without PC and guidance are tested on a network with four well-defined MFD sub-regions. Results show that the TGPCC addresses the issue of congestion and decreases the total delay accordingly.     

施工方案与专项方案的异同性分析与编制

安全专项施工方案是针对危险性较大的分部分项工程而编制的专项方案,不能等同于施工组织设计中的施工方案。企业在编制过程中存在很多问题,如内容不全、针对性不强、措施不完整、计算书与方案要求不对应、风险分析不到位等问题。通过对施工方案与专项该项的概论梳理,分析了二者之间的区别与联系,明确了专项方案的内容,并探讨了专项方案的编制技巧与注意事项。     

铁路通信同步网建设方案研究

介绍了既有铁路通信同步网的时钟节点分布、同步网结构及同步网定时链路的组织原则。提出了同步网建设的建议,如：通信同步网结构及设备配置、同步网时钟设置、同步网定时链路等。     

基于可持续发展的智能交通宣传导向

基于实现可持续发展的交通模式,基于ITS的发展,提出了新的扩大的交通导向系统的内涵,同时对如何更好地发挥交通舆论导向作用进行了相关论述。