正面碰撞试验中后排女性假人颈部伤害研究

对正面碰撞试验中后排女性假人颈部伤害进行了研究,结果表明,在50 km/h完全正面碰撞试验中,后排5%女性假人颈部伤害普遍偏高。其原因是:女性假人所配带的50%男性假人安全带对女性假人腰部作用的包角及松弛量大,有效作用起步时间晚,使假人相对位移量增大。提出了解决后排女性假人颈部伤害偏高问题的改进措施。     

纳洛酮用于弥漫性轴索损伤患者的有效性和安全性的系统评价

目的纳洛酮用于弥漫性轴索损伤(DAI)的疗效仍存在疑虑,本研究通过meta分析评价其有效性和安全性。方法计算机检索各数据库,筛选纳洛酮与对照组比较治疗DAI的随机对照研究(RCT)。由研究者独立评价纳入研究的方法学并提取研究数据,采用STATA 12.0软件进行统计分析。结果共纳入12个低质量RCT,包括964例DAI患者。Meta分析结果显示:纳洛酮可以降低DAI患者病死率(RR=0.56,95%CI:0.46⁰.68,P<0.001);改善格拉斯哥预后评分(RR=1.56,95%CI:1.140.68,P<0.001);改善格拉斯哥预后评分(RR=1.56,95%CI:1.14².12,P=0.005);并且能缩短患者昏迷时间(WMD=-9.47,95%CI:-13.842.12,P=0.005);并且能缩短患者昏迷时间(WMD=-9.47,95%CI:-13.84^-5.10,P<0.001)。结论由于缺乏高质量的随机双盲对照试验,纳入研究中纳洛酮使用剂量、疗程等存在差异,故纳洛酮改善DAI患者预后的证据尚不充分,其疗效和安全性尚需进一步评价。     

路基基床冻害整治措施

冻害地基上采用EPS块体取代填土来修筑路堤,具有防冻性能好、稳定性好、施工快速简便等优点。现场实验结果表明采用EPS轻质路堤降低了路基土的冻结深度,从而消除了路基冻害,改变了路基土的温度状况。     

外派海员人身伤亡赔偿问题的研究

文中就外派海员人身伤亡赔偿的依据和赔偿额度进行了分析,对给予外派海员合理赔偿提出了建议。     

气囊折叠方式对乘员损伤的影响

基于MADYMO软件建立对称折叠、星形折叠和环形折叠气囊以及车内正面碰撞仿真模型.通过模拟配置了有限元安全带、假人和不同类型气囊的车内正面碰撞试验,对比不同气囊折叠方式对乘员损伤的影响.试验结果表明:与传统的对称折叠气囊相比,环形和星形折叠气囊对乘员的主要损伤值相对较小.     

Identification and culture of neural stem cells isolated from adult rat subventricular zone following fluid percussion brain injury

Objective To analyze proliferation and differentiation of glial fibrillary acid protein (GFAP)- and nestin-positive (GFAP+/nestin+) cells isolated from the subventricular zone following fluid percussion brain injury to determine whether GFAP+/nestin+ cells exhibit characteristics of neural stem cells. Methods Male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 12 weeks and weighing 200-250 g, were randomly and evenly assigned to normal control group and model group. In the model group, a rat model of fluid percussion brain injury was established. Five days later, subventricular zone tissue was resected from each group and made into single cell suspension. After serum-free neural stem cell medium culture and subsequent serum-induced differentiation, cell type, proliferation and differentiation capacities were determined by immunofluorescence staining and flow cytometry. Results At 3-7 days after fluid percussion brain injury, nestin+/GFAP+ cells in the single cell suspension from the model group significantly outnumbered those from the normal control group (P<0.01). In the model group, an increased number of small neurospheres with smooth cell edge and bulged center formed after primary culture, and were clearly visible with the increase of culture time and medium replacement. After several passages, many clonal spheres were obtained, suggesting strong self-proliferatiing capacity. Neurospheres from the model group differentiated into astrocytes, neurons and oligodendrocytes. Conclusion GFAP+/nestin+ cells isolated from the adult rat subventricular zone after fluid percussion brain injury are thought to be neural stem cells because of their self-renewal and multi-differentiation capacities.     

Report on 220 cases of endoscopic septoplasty with submucous resection

Objective To explore the efficiency of endoscopic septoplasty with submucous resection for the treatment of 220 patients with deviated nasal septum and report our experience in this field. Methods From May 2006 to May 2010, 220 patients with deviated nasal septum were treated by endoscopic septoplasty with submucous resection to decompress the stress points, resect the deviated parts and implant the reshaped bone of nasal septum, while retaining the normal structure of nasal septum with minimally invasive technique. Results Satisfactory effects were achieved in all the 220 patients, showing centered septal structure and disappeared symptoms such as nasal obstruction, headache and nasal hemorrhage, but no complications including perforation of nasal septum, depressed nasal bridge and septal chalasia and flaring. Conclusion Rhino-endoscopic septoplasty with submucous resection can substantially retain the original structure of nasal septum and thus is proven to be a desirable operation with multiple advantages including minimal invasiveness, quicker healing and fewer complications.     

正面全宽碰撞试验中假人胸部伤害研究

通过台车试验,对受方向盘角度影响和座椅刚度等影响下的几种典型的胸部伤害情况进行了分析研究,指出了在无安全气囊或气囊作用偏弱的情况下,方向盘的水平角度一般时容易造成胸部加速度偏大,方向盘水平角度偏大时容易造成胸部压缩变形量偏大;另外,也指出了碰撞中,坐垫的深度偏大和前端刚度偏强时容易增大假人胸部伤害,坐垫前端刚度偏弱时导致假人下沉可造成胸部伤害指标提高,这为约束系统的匹配提供了参考。     

实验性氟中毒大鼠骨软骨氨基多糖代谢的研究

通过测定氟中毒大鼠骨、软骨氨基多糖各组分含量,观察过量氟化物对大鼠骨、软骨氨基多糖代谢的影响以及硼、硒、氟宁和苁蓉等药物的抗氟效果。结果表明,在本实验条件下,氟中毒时大鼠软骨己糖醛酸含量显著高于对照,而骨己糖醛酸和硫酸根含量低于对照。说明过量氟化物可影响骨、软骨氨基多糖代谢。从上述指标的生化改变来看,4种药物中苁蓉的抗氟作用显著。     

硒对实验性肝损伤保护作用的研究

采用综合法建立慢性肝损伤动物模型，分组观察硒对实验性肝损伤的影响。结果表明：①补硒组谷丙转氨酶降低，血清白蛋白回升，肝组织病理改变减轻；②补硒组动物肝组织硒含量及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ）活性显著增高（Ｐ＜０．０１）；③超微结构显示补硒组比对照组也有明显改善。表明硒具有保护肝损伤和促进肝细胞再生的作用。