职业教育教学标准的研究

我国职业教育取得较大成绩,但是还存在许多问题,这些问题产生的其中一个重要原因就是国家缺乏统一的职业教育教学标准,因此制定职业教育教学标准具有重要意义。文章对国内外职业教育教学标准现状进行了研究,并提出了职业教育教学标准链条,在此基础上建立了职业教育教学标准框架。     

基于认知负荷理论的二维教学动画设计

文章阐述了二维教学动画的内涵及其特点,从认知负荷的三种角度分析了影响二维教学动画中的认知负荷影响因素,提出了有效控制二维教学动画的认知负荷的设计原则,并在此基础上进行了案例分析,为二维教学动画的设计提供了参考。     

Using AHP to measure the perception gap between current and potential users of bus services

Abstract

This study develops a multicriteria evaluation of user perception towards bus transit services and measures the gap in the perceptions held by current and potential users. A review of the transport quality literature indicates that both preference and satisfaction measures have been implemented to provide a comprehensive perception-based evaluation of bus quality. Although attempts have been made to evaluate user perception through a separate analysis of each (preference and/or satisfaction), the application of multicriteria quality measures are limited. A multicriteria quality measure not only offers more than just information on the daily experience of users but also knowledge of the internal process of quality evaluation (drivers/barriers). The multicriteria measure utilises the data of 512 questionnaires, whereby user perceptions were expressed through judgments of importance and satisfaction based on a set of 29 quality indicators classified into six attributes. Firstly, the study develops analytical hierarchy process (AHP) models to measure user preference. Secondly, a weighted perception index (WPI) of both preference and satisfaction is developed through a multicriteria model. Finally, multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is conducted to identify the level of variation in the perception of both current and potential users towards bus service quality. The results show that although both current and potential users place a higher importance towards the same indicators, they do not share the same pattern of preferences (values and/or order). In addition, the study found that the interaction between preferences and satisfaction generated new patterns of subjective evaluation, and that these patterns vary significantly by user category.     

What determines commute time choices? A structural equation modelling approach

Abstract

Many researchers have been attracted by the phenomenon of constant travel time, and the time spent on travel has been an important indicator of understanding travellers’ behaviours. This paper is based on a survey conducted in a university in London which includes both objective and subjective variables in relation to commute time and some demographic characteristics. Two conceptual structural models are examined in order to explore the factors determining travellers’ choices. Results of the analysis reveal some interesting relationships: (1) a positive relationship between age and commute time; (2) females are more likely to read or listen to music during their journeys, and their ideal commute time (ICT) and current commute time (CCT) generally tend to be longer; (3) academic staff tend to have the habit of working during their commute, administrative staff tend to commute longer while students tend to spend a shorter time commuting; (4) normally, a habit while travelling is significantly associated with CCT; those with a habit of reading or working during their commute journey tend to have longer commute times and (5) the relationship between CCT and commuters’ ICT and tolerable commute time is positive; both hypothesised causal relationships are significant so that a loop is formed between subjective and objective variables, and thus a dynamic modelling process could be envisaged as temporal sequences of those variables.     

Integrated smart feeder/shuttle transit service: simulation of new routing strategies

The idea of designing an integrated smart feeder/shuttle service stemmed from the need to overcome the problem of using an excessive number of cars arriving and parking at a train station within the same time span. This problem results in high parking demand around the train station. Moreover, some potential train riders will, instead, use their cars and hence become a party to increasing the traffic congestion. This work develops a new idea of an integrated and innovative feeder/shuttle system with new operating and routing concepts. The fulfilled objectives are as follows: (i) to construct and examine different operating strategies from both the user and operator perspectives; (ii) to examine different routing models and scenarios; and (iii) to construct a simulation tool for (i) and (ii). Ten different routing strategies are examined, with all the combinations of fixed/flexible routes, fixed/flexible schedules, a unidirectional or bidirectional concept, and shortcut (shortest path) and/or short‐turn (turnaround) concepts. These strategies are investigated by employing a simulation model specifically developed and constructed for this purpose. This simulation model is used in a case study of Castro Valley in California in which the feeder/shuttle service is coordinated with the Bay Area Rapid Transit service, and the 10 routing strategies are compared in regard to four fleet‐size scenarios. One of the interesting results found is that the fixed‐route and flexible‐route concepts are comparable in performance measures when applying a combination of operating strategies. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

模糊数学在边坡支挡方案优选中的应用

针对边坡支挡设计前期信息量少且设计方案影响因素多等问题,综合考虑边坡地质条件及支挡加固技术以及经济情况,将边坡支挡方案选择中的各种模糊因素转换为数学形式,运用模糊数学的基本原理,对所提出的方案进行量化分析,并建立模糊综合评判模型.通过计算,得到各方案的可选度,根据隶属度最大原则确定方案的优先次序,从而得到最优边坡支挡方案.     

驾驶心理对交通安全的影响

分析驾驶心理对交通安全造成的影响,并总结其中的主要因素.通过文献调研,综述了驾驶心理的主要过程和关键特征对交通安全的不同影响,并分析了驾驶心理对交通安全的影响方式.驾驶心理已经成为引发交通事故的重要因素之一,驾驶心理通过影响驾驶员的行为,间接地对交通安全产生影响,其中知觉、注意、态度、驾驶疲劳等是影响交通安全的主要因素.了解驾驶人行为的心理机制,有助于找到改善交通安全的方法,研究发现通过改变驾驶人态度是1种有效的途径.     

EGR 对甲醇-柴油组合燃烧柴油机燃烧和排放的影响

利用三维仿真软件AVLFire建立进气道喷射甲醇、缸内喷射柴油的模型,应用试验结果验证了模型的正确性。改变2200r／min,136N·m工况下的EGR率（0％,5％,15％,25％和35％）,分析了EGR对甲醇‐柴油组合燃烧发动机燃烧过程和排放的影响。结果表明：与EGR率为0相比,随着EGR率增加,甲醇‐柴油组合燃烧发动机着火延迟期先缩短后延长,缸内最高压力降低,EGR率为5％时,着火延迟期缩短2°曲轴转角;随着EGR率增加,放热率曲线由双峰分布向单峰分布转变,最高温度下降,高温持续时间缩短;随着EGR率增加,NOx排放降低,CO和炭烟排放上升,与EGR率为0时比,EGR率为15％时的NOx排放量降低了54％。     

生产工艺参数对胶粉改性沥青混合料强度影响的试验研究

选择胶粉改性沥青生产中涉及的搅拌方式、搅拌温度、搅拌时间以及胶粉掺量4个参数,控制3个参数不变,改变另一个参数,采用间接拉伸（IDT）试验研究生产工艺参数对胶粉改性沥青混合料强度的影响,并通过灰色关联方法分析各参数对混合料强度的影响程度。结果表明：高速搅拌方式生产的胶粉改性沥青混合料强度最大,简单搅拌最差;180～200℃生产温度能得到强度较好的混合料;搅拌时间并非越长越好,而是有一个合理的范围,建议选择l～1．5h;从沥青的改性程度和施工和易性考虑,建议胶粉掺量为17．6％～22％;4个工艺参数中,胶粉掺量和搅拌时间是最关键的影响因素,搅拌温度次之,搅拌方式影响不大。     

某车型变速箱Rattle噪声问题改善研究

随着客户对整车舒适性的要求越来越高,汽车制造商在整车NVH性能方面也正面临着越来越严峻的挑战。就手动变速箱而言,目前遇到的主要NVH问题包括Whine、Rattle Clunk等。本文主要以公司某一车型售后抱怨的Rattle噪声问题改善为案例,阐述了Rattle噪声产生的机理,影响因素,解决措施及改善效果。