参芪注射液对H22荷瘤小鼠抑瘤作用的细胞免疫机制

目的研究参芪注射液的体内抑瘤效应与荷瘤机体细胞免疫功能的关系,探讨其抑瘤作用的细胞免疫学机制。方法建立小鼠H22肝癌实体瘤模型,分别给予高、中、低剂量参芪注射液,测定各组小鼠肿瘤生长抑制率(IR)和腹腔巨噬细胞的吞噬指数;采用MTT法测定各组小鼠脾淋巴细胞增殖指数;ELISA法检测各组小鼠血清中白细胞介素-2(IL-2)和γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)水平。结果高、中剂量参芪注射液实验组小鼠H22实体瘤IR分别为60.72%和48.65%,与模型组比较有显著性差异(P<0.05);参芪注射液实验组小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞增值指数、腹腔巨嗜细胞吞噬指数、血清IL-2和IFN-γ的含量都显著高于模型组小鼠(P<0.05)。结论参芪注射液通过提高荷瘤小鼠的细胞免疫功能,改善荷瘤小鼠的抗肿瘤免疫状态,协同对肿瘤细胞的直接杀伤作用,在荷瘤小鼠体内发挥其抑瘤抗瘤作用。     

THE STUDY ON RELATION BETWEEN CD1a^＋ CELLS AND INFILTRATIVE CD3^＋ AND CD8^＋ CELLS IN RENAL TISSUE OF GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Objective To discuss the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in cellular immunity pathogenesis of glomerulonephritls (GN). Methods 114 patients with GN were selected randomly and divided into two groups,primary GN (pGN) and secondry GN (sGN). CDIa^ , CD3^ and CD8^ cells in bioptic renal tissues were examine dy immunohistochemically. The distribution of CDla cells and the infiltration of CD3^ and CD8^ cells in renal tissues were observed. Results There was no significant difference of CDIa^ , CD3^ , and CD8^ cells between pGN and sGN group (P＞0. 05). CDIa^ cells had significant positive correlation with the infiltrative CD3^ and CD8 cells,respectively (P＜0.01). The infiltrative CD3^ cells had significant positive correlation with the CD8 cells in the same area, respectively (P＜0.01). CD1a^ cells, CD3^ cells infiltrating in both glomeruli and renal interstitial tissues, and CD8^ cells only infiltrating in renal interstitial tissues, all of them had significant positive correlation with the degree of glomerular proliferation, respectively (P＜0.05). The infiltrative CD3^ and CD8^ cells in renal interstitial tissues had significant positive correlation with the degree of glomerular sclerosis and the lesion degree of renal tubule and interstitial, respectively (P~ 0. 05). There were significant positive correlation between CDla cells and the lesion degree of renal interstitial (P＜0.05). Collusion DCs could activate T lymphocyte by presenting antigen, then the activated T lymphocyte participate in the pathogenesls of GN through releasing cytokine and/or directly damaging the renal tubule and interstitial, which produce more serious glomeralar lesion.     

北美行车自动化系统ATCS的述评与功能分析

综述北美铁路行自动化系统ＡＴＣＳ的构成的特点，ＡＴＣＳ的目的是利用当今的高新技术，改造现有的行车与调度控制系统，以全面提高铁路运输的安全，有效和经济性，文中还介绍了ＡＴＣＳ系统的一些主要功能部件，分析了文书诉功能和特点，并提出了我在我国如何开展行车自动化系统研究的一些思考。     

改进的城市人行道双向行人流元胞自动机模型

为了更好地描述城市人行道双向行人流的交通运行特性,为步行交通服务,在考虑行人前进、换道、位置交换、侧向前进、后退等这些常见行为的基础上。利用Moore邻域的方法,结合行人运动过程中呈现的智能、灵活、复杂等特点给出行人运动规则,建立改进的城市人行道双向行人流元胞自动机模型。通过计算机模拟考察位置交换、侧向前进行为对模型的影响,并对模拟给出的双向行人流速度、流量等参数进行讨论。结果表明,位置交换、侧向前进的引入使模型对行人行为的考虑更加全面：提出的模型在模拟高密度的双向行人流方面有很好的适应性．能够给出合理的双向行人流交通运行参数。     

对城市轨道交通自动化系统的再认识一概念、体系结构与技术

在对城市轨道交通系统的特点进行分析的基础上,提出了轨道交通系统的五大技术需求,论述了城市轨道交通自动化系统的设计开发理念和方法。通过对传统体系结构进行分析比较,指出自律分布体系结构是城市轨道交通自动化系统的理想结构。最后对自律分布系统技术进行了综述,并从技术成熟性和技术特点的角度对其进行了分析和讨论。     

配电网络自动化关键技术分析

针对电力系统配电自动化要求,提出了配电网的合理规划要求,对设备开关的选型和控制室与各开关、断路器之间的数据通信进行了分析,提出了分布智能模式和集中智能模式的应用场合,并对两种模式的优缺点进行了分析。     

车道分隔方式对驾驶换道行为的影响

为探索不同车道分隔方式对驾驶换道行为的影响，在分析机动车驾驶换道决策机理与换道决策属性的基础上，改进双车道元胞自动机(STCA)的换道规则模型，提出了基于层次分析法(AHP)的多属性换道决策模型.在同向 3车道上设置不同车道分隔方式，运行模型以获得每种分隔方式在不同空间占有率情况下的换道动机概率、换道成功概率分布规律.分析发现：平均换道动机概率直接与交通流内部状态属性有关，平均换道成功概率则由交通流内部状态属性与车道隔离方式共同决定；通过对不同分隔方式下的换道规律分析，表明模型能较好诠释不同车道分隔方式的交通管理法规涵义.该换道决策模型构造方法上具有同时处理多个外部决策属性的能力，具有较强的通用性.     

基于乘客超越行为建模的航空登机效率分析

依靠缩短登机时间提升登机效率是降低航空周转成本的重要手段之一。乘客登机时间由登机策略及个体行为等因素共同决定。在采用特定登机策略登机过程中，发生阻塞导致队列行进缓慢时，队列内的乘客可能采取超越行为提升自身行进速度，从而影响登机效率。针对乘客这种超越行为建立微观仿真模型，采用元胞自动机模拟不同登机策略下的乘客登机过程，比较超越行为对不同登机策略效率的影响程度，量化考虑乘客超越行为时登机乘客携带行李比例、登机放行间隔，以及客座率等情景下登机策略的效率。结果表明：在考虑超越行为后，原本不考虑超越行为时登机时间越长策略的登机时间缩减比例越高，乘客行走干扰延误的降低是登机时间缩减的主要原因。在乘客携带行李数量较多或乘客放行间隔较短的情景下，从靠窗到过道依次登机策略的效率优于倒金字塔式策略；在客座率70%的情景下，分4种次序从后到前登机的策略是按列次序登机的最佳策略。     

Hierarchical model predictive control for multi-lane motorways in presence of Vehicle Automation and Communication Systems

A widespread deployment of vehicle automation and communication systems (VACS) is expected in the next years. This may lead to improvements in traffic management efficiency because of the novel possibilities of using VACS both as sensors and as actuators, as well as of a variety of new communications channels (vehicle-to-vehicles, vehicle-to-infrastructure) and related opportunities. To achieve this traffic flow efficiency, appropriate studies, developing potential control strategies to exploit the VACS availability, are essential. This paper describes a hierarchical model predictive control framework that can be used for the coordinated and integrated control of a motorway system, considering that an amount of vehicles are equipped with specific VACS. The concept employs and exploits the synergistic (integrated) action of a number of old and new control measures, including ramp metering, vehicle speed control, and lane changing control at a macroscopic level. The effectiveness and the computational feasibility of the proposed approach are demonstrated via microscopic simulation for a variety of penetration rates of equipped vehicles.     

Automated cars: Queue discharge at signalized intersections with ‘Assured-Clear-Distance-Ahead’ driving strategies

This study addresses the impacts of automated cars on traffic flow at signalized intersections. We develop and subsequently employ a deterministic simulation model of the kinematics of automated cars at a signalized intersection approach, when proceeding forward from a stationary queue at the beginning of a signal phase. In the discrete-time simulation, each vehicle pursues an operational strategy that is consistent with the ‘Assured Clear Distance Ahead’ criterion: each vehicle limits its speed and spacing from the vehicle ahead of it by its objective of not striking it, regardless of whether or not the future behavior of the vehicle ahead is cooperative. The simulation incorporates a set of assumptions regarding the values of operational parameters that will govern automated cars’ kinematics in the immediate future, which are sourced from the relevant literature.We report several findings of note. First, under a set of assumed ‘central’ (i.e. most plausible) parameter values, the time requirement to process a standing queue of ten vehicles is decreased by 25% relative to human driven vehicles. Second, it was found that the standard queue discharge model for human–driven cars does not directly transfer to queue discharge of automated vehicles. Third, a wet roadway surface may result in an increase in capacity at signalized intersections. Fourth, a specific form of vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communications that allows all automated vehicles in the stationary queue to begin moving simultaneously at the beginning of a signal phase provides relatively minor increases in capacity in this analysis. Fifth, in recognition of uncertainty regarding the value of each operational parameter, we identify (via scenario analysis, calculation of arc elasticities, and Monte-Carlo methods) the relative sensitivity of overall traffic flow efficiency to the value of each operational parameter.This study comprises an incremental step towards the broader objective of adapting standard techniques for analyzing traffic operations to account for the capabilities of automated vehicles.