非严格优先权下许可相位左转车辆侵占时距分布模型

提出侵占时距的概念来描述非严格优先权下许可相位左转车流的微观特性,并根据左转车辆通过时,交叉口内对向直行车辆的不同存在形式,划分成了4种交通状态.基于大量的实测数据,利用7种不同的模型对侵占时距分布进行拟合.采用最大似然估计法进行参数估计,通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验对不同模型在不同状态下的拟合优度进行判定.最终得到Log-Logistic模型对不同交通状态下的拟合效果最优,并且其模型参数值的大小与对向直行车辆的不同存在状态有关.最后,选取了2个交叉口作为验证组,验证了Log-Logistic模型在不同交叉口不同交通状态下的适用性.     

沥青路面再生加热室内试验方法研究

利用路面摊铺与养护综合试验台对沥青路面进行室内热再生加热试验,研究再生路面加热过程中加热板的移动速度、沥青路面的温度变化以及加热量等因素对加热质量的影响.通过试验得出满足加热质量的最优移动速度、最佳加热距离以及合理的加热量等施工参数,为沥青路面再生加热施工提供一定的依据.     

高速公路岩石边坡绿化养护浇水频率研究——以京承高速公路(三期)为例

为估算边坡绿化养护的浇水频率,以京承高速公路3期为例,采用环刀测试土壤含水量的方法,对2个不同坡向边坡共6个坡位的基质田间持水量、基质水分变化速率以及试验边坡4种优势植物的萎蔫系数分别进行调查.根据测试指标的调查结果,浇水频率的估算结果为6个坡位之间的浇水频率为1次～1次/10 d不等,从每个边坡3个坡位浇水频率的平均值来看,阳坡和阴坡的平均浇水频率都约为1次/13 d.将估算结果在实践中进行验证,充足降雨后,调查发现约13 ～ 15 d后植物发生萎蔫,不能维持正常生长.浇水频率的理论估算结果与实践验证结果基本相吻合,浇水频率的估算方法在岩石边坡绿化养护中具有理论指导意义.     

三车道高速公路隧道出口与互通式立交最小间距研究

隧道和互通式立交作为高速公路的重要构筑物,其科学合理的间距直接影响高速公路路线走向和运营安全。通过界定高速公路隧道出口与互通式立交最小间距的定义并分析隧道出口与互通式立交间距过近路段的交通事故特点,探讨影响高速公路隧道出口与互通式立交最小间距的因素。基于车道变换行为,给出3车道高速公路隧道出口与互通式立交最小间距计算模型,并提出条件受限情况下的最小间距推荐值及安全保障对策。     

平面信号交叉口绿灯间隔时间的计算方法研究

在平面信号控制的交叉口中,绿灯间隔时间的大小关系到交叉口的安全性和通行效率,合理设置绿灯间隔,可以保障交通流的运行.文中介绍了绿灯间隔时间的基本概念,对比分析了国内外绿灯间隔时间的不同计算方法;探讨了影响绿灯间隔大小的关键因素,包括进入时间、清空时间、通过时间等.以典型平面信号交叉口绿灯间隔时间计算为例,分析各种计算方法的适应性,并基于冲突时刻差法进行交叉口安全仿真评价.     

刘家院子隧道换拱方案设计研究

探讨了刘家院子隧道Zk13+ 210～Zk13+ 320段换拱的设计方法,同时用midas计算软件对换拱段进行了数值模拟,得出换拱之后衬砌的位移及应力,以此来评价换拱方案的可行性,同时对换拱施工提出了一些建议,对以后类似的工程有一定的借鉴意义.     

基于层次分析法区间估计的我国燃油税定价影响因素筛选

在分析我国燃油税征收的目的和原则的基础上,提出层次分析区间估计方法并分析该方法较传统层次分析法的优越性.结合国外燃油税价格制定的成功经验,考虑我国燃油税征收条件,确定我国燃油税定价应考虑的影响因素.利用层次分析区间估计方法对燃油税定价影响因素的各因素进行分析和筛选,提出针对我国燃油税定价制定过程中应考虑的合理因素,为我国燃油税价格制定提出合理建议.     

长江中游相对湿度的气候变化特征及其对航运的影响分析

利用1965～2008年长江中游附近17个气象观测站点的相对湿度数据分析了长江中游相对湿度的气候变化特征.分析结果表明:长江中游年平均相对湿度在65％～85％之间,除个别站点外年平均相对湿度以及年高湿日天数均有减小的趋势;大部分站点6～8月份的相对湿度比其他月份要高,且与其他月份相对湿度的差值有增加趋势;高湿日天数在1/3以上,较西的站点7月份高湿日最多,较东的站点3月份高湿日最多;相对湿度与降雨量呈正相关,与蒸发量和日照时间呈负相关.相对湿度的这种变化对粮食、化肥等货物的运输是有利的.     

Managing Shoreline Change Under Increasing Sea-Level Rise in Ghana

Relative sea-level rise will affect vulnerable coastal communities globally. Quantifying this effect on the coastal environment and infrastructure provides critical information that enables coastal managers to develop sustainable mitigation and adaptation measures. Modeling applications have enabled the past, present, and future trends in shoreline morphology to be investigated in detail. Predictive numerical models depend largely on the reliability of the input data. This article reports on using the Soft Cliff and Platform Erosion (SCAPE) numerical model to simulate future shoreline evolution trend in the central Accra coast in Ghana. The model input parameters include historic shoreline recession rates, wave data, tidal data, bathymetry, beach volume, beach topography, historic relative sea-level rise rates, and the shoreline orientation. The data fed the SCAPE numerical model which simulated the emergence of soft rock shore profiles over timescale of decades to centuries, to project future positions of the central Accra shoreline for the next 100 years under different scenarios of climate change. Simulated future shoreline positions overlaid on a 2005 orthophoto map of Accra enabled vulnerable areas and infrastructure at risk to be identified. It emerged that a highly populated community in central Accra will be inundated by 2065, while the Rivera beach resort will be eroded from 2035. A natural fish landing site in Osu (suburb in Accra) will be lost from 2045. The study has demonstrated that considerable ecological, economic, social, and national losses should be expected within the next century. Shoreline change management options should be explored to help mitigate the expected impact of the sea-level rise.     

Use of GIS-Based Models for Integrating and Developing Marine Fish Cages within the Tourism Industry in Tenerife (Canary Islands)

Site selection is a key factor in any aquaculture operation, affecting both success and sustainability. Moreover, it can solve conflicts between different coastal activities, making a rational use of the coastal space. Geographical information systems (GIS) have become of increased significance for environmental planning and assessment mainly because of the need to compare a great number of spatially related data, and because it can be used to couple these spatial data with their attributes and overlay them. This study used GIS and related technology to build a spatial database using those criteria which were considered to have any influence in integrating marine fish-cage culture within the tourism industry in Tenerife. Criteria were grouped in three submodels (distance to beaches, nautical sports, and viewshed), which were combined to generate a final output showing the most suitable areas for cage culture development in coexistence with tourism. Most areas of the coastline of Tenerife were identified as being suitable (56%) or very suitable (46%), suggesting that marine cage aquaculture could be developed on the island in coexistence with the well-established tourism industry.