大骨节病和克山病共存区心电图和干骺端病变及发尿硒含量间关系的研究

通过大骨节病和克山病共存地区360名小学生手部 X 线、心电图和发、尿硒分析,结果,干骺端病变检出率为16.16%,X 线异常率为37.22%,心电图异常率为13.06%,大骨节病阳性体征和(或)X 线异常总检出率为56.11%;异常心电图与异常 X 线、阳性体征和(或)X 线征符合率分别为53.19%和72%.心电图和 X线2项检出率呈显著正相关关系;心电图、干骺端病变检出率与发、尿硒呈负相关关系.本文结果结合文献报道低硒地区有单独大骨节病、克山病存在的事实,提示病区不同人体硒水平可造成发、尿硒含量与心电图、干骺端病变检出率间有相关关系,也使心电图与 X 线2项检出率间有相关关系。不能单从两病共存地区心电图、干骺端病变、发尿硒间这种相关关系及心电图和 X 线有较高符合率,说低硒是大骨节病、克山病的共同病因,也不能说大骨节病和克山病是同病异症。     

Linking land use and transportation in a rapidly urbanizing context: A study in Delhi,India

Cities in developing countries like India are facing some of the same concerns that North American cities are: congestion and urban growth. However, there is a sense of urgency in cities like Delhi, India in that this growth is far more rapid as both urbanization and motorization are ongoing processes that have not yet peaked. In this paper, we examine land use change and its relationship with transportation infrastructure and other planning related variables in a spatial context. We estimate land use change models at two different scales from separate data. Cellular automation and Markov models were used to understand change at the regional scale and discrete choice models to predict change at the local level. The results suggest that land use in the Delhi metropolitan area is rapidly intensifying while losing variety. These changes are affected by industrial, commercial and infrastructure location and planners and policy-makers need to better understand the implications of location decisions. We also examine these results in the context of a policy framework for data-based planning that links land use and transportation models for Delhi.     

Carbonate chemistry dynamics and carbon dioxide fluxes across the atmosphere–ice–water interfaces in the Arctic Ocean: Pacific sector of the Arctic

Climatic changes in the Northern Hemisphere have led to remarkable environmental changes in the Arctic Ocean, which is surrounded by permafrost. These changes include significant shrinking of sea-ice cover in summer, increased time between sea-ice break-up and freeze-up, and Arctic surface water freshening and warming associated with melting sea-ice, thawing permafrost, and increased runoff. These changes are commonly attributed to the greenhouse effect resulting from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) concentration and other non-CO₂ radiatively active gases (methane, nitrous oxide). The greenhouse effect should be most pronounced in the Arctic where the largest air CO₂ concentrations and winter–summer variations in the world for a clean background environment were detected. However, the air–land–shelf interaction in the Arctic has a substantial impact on the composition of the overlying atmosphere; as the permafrost thaws, a significant amount of old terrestrial carbon becomes available for biogeochemical cycling and oxidation to CO₂. The Arctic Ocean's role in determining regional CO₂ balance has been ignored, because of its small size (only  4% of the world ocean area) and because its continuous sea-ice cover is considered to impede gaseous exchange with the atmosphere so efficiently that no global climate models include CO₂ exchange over sea-ice. In this paper we show that: (1) the Arctic shelf seas (the Laptev and East-Siberian seas) may become a strong source of atmospheric CO₂ because of oxidation of bio-available eroded terrestrial carbon and river transport; (2) the Chukchi Sea shelf exhibits the strong uptake of atmospheric CO₂; (3) the sea-ice melt ponds and open brine channels form an important spring/summer air CO₂ sink that also must be included in any Arctic regional CO₂ budget. Both the direction and amount of CO₂ transfer between air and sea during open water season may be different from transfer during freezing and thawing, or during winter when CO₂ accumulates beneath Arctic sea-ice; (4) direct measurements beneath the sea ice gave two initial results. First, a drastic pCO₂ decrease from 410 μatm to 288 μatm, which was recorded in February–March beneath the fast ice near Barrow using the SAMI-CO₂ sensor, may reflect increased photosynthetic activity beneath sea-ice just after polar sunrise. Second, new measurements made in summer 2005 beneath the sea ice in the Central Basin show relatively high values of pCO₂ ranging between 425 μatm and 475 μatm, values, which are larger than the mean atmospheric value in the Arctic in summertime. The sources of those high values are supposed to be: high rates of bacterial respiration, import of the Upper Halocline Water (UHW) from the Chukchi Sea (CS) where values of pCO₂ range between 400 and 600 μatm, a contribution from the Lena river plume, or any combination of these sources.     

基于双目立体视觉的月球车三维定位算法

为了满足月球车自主导航的需要,提出了1种基于双目立体视觉的月球车三维定位算法。建立了基于双目立体视觉的月球车三维定位系统框架图,并对框架中主要模块进行了分析;研究了图像预处理、特征点提取、特征点的立体匹配、三维重建和特征点的跟踪匹配算法等图像处理环节,以获得月球车运动前后相匹配的环境特征点,并提出了1种鲁棒的月球车位姿变化估计算法。通过实际场地试验验证了算法的有效性。     

基于CPLD的脉冲宽度测量装置的设计

基于CPLD的脉冲宽度测量装置是由CPLD、脉冲信号处理、按键输入、液晶显示组成。其中CPLD实现数据及逻辑信号的处理、计时、控制信号的输出,液晶显示部分实现脉冲宽度测量值的显示以及间隔时间的显示。设计的装置硬件电路简单,实用性好。     

Economic factors affecting the registration of lower CO2 emitting aircraft in Europe

We examine the various forces influencing the development and uptake of environmentally beneficial technical changes, focusing on airline technology. Within this context, we consider not only the nature of competition within the final market in which aircraft, an intermediate product, are sold, but also that of the product market itself, the commercial airline industry. The reasons for the gradual reduction in CO₂ per seat per aircraft movement in aircraft design are examined in terms of the real costs of aviation fuel, changes in the nature of the supply industry, the movement towards carbon cap-trade policies, and endogenous technical progress in the technology of the industry. The latter being taken as an empirical proxy for the role market forms play in influencing the fuel efficiency of the types of aircraft used. The results support the existence of these latter forces on the demand for aircraft types, allowing for other influences that affect aircraft technology.     

内河航道交通流分析中最小统计间隔时间的选定

恰当的统计间隔时间是调查和有效统计船舶交通流的基础,文中基于随机过程理论和数理统计理论,提出统计间隔时间选定方法.结合京杭运河船闸节点的详细运行资料,通过对比不同的统计间隔时间下的计数分布与间隔时间分布,发现合理的统计间隔时间应选在40~50 min之间,船闸交通流统计合理的最小间隔时间约为45 min.     

线性定常系统的一种容错控制新方法

当控制系统的参数发生跳变故障时，系统的性能往往会恶化，甚至会引起系统不稳定。本文讨论了当线性定常系统出现参数跳变故障时的一种容错控制方法。故障检测采用神经网络实现，而容错控制器则采用控制器重构方式设计。仿真结果表明该方法是有效的。     

基于最大相对隶属度的区间数多指标评价在交通规划中的应用

在实际生活中,某一交通区域道路上行驶的车辆数、车型、车速及行人的影响等客观因素是不确定的,与之相关的指标值也是不确定的。对于不确定的指标值在规划方案优劣的评比中采用区间数的形式要比采用确定值的形式更符合实际。为了解决具有不确定性区间数的多指标决策问题,提出了基于最大相对隶属度的区间数多指标评价法用于交通规划方案的综合评价,该方法在处理模糊性的评价问题方面具有明显的优势。该方法简单实用．本文的实例验证了该方法的有效性和实用性。     

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合理有效的公交车辆发车间隔优化模型是优化调度方案、改善公交服务的关键，因此，本文在分析现有模型的基础上，根据客流变化规律，对发车间隔采用分时段多目标组合优化处理的思想，建立了以乘客和公交企业运营费用最小为目标的公交车辆调度发车间隔模型，并采用广州市公交调查数据对该模型进行了验证，实验表明该模型可行。