燃油经济模式的蓄电池电压控制系统研究

铅酸蓄电池通过化学能和电能的转换,能够为车辆储存电能和释放电能。如果蓄电池电量充足,在进入燃油经济模式后,可以通过控制蓄电池工作电压,使其放电为用电器供电,减少燃油消耗。本文在分析蓄电池工作原理和燃油经济模式特点的基础上,研究了基于反馈控制的蓄电池电压控制系统,设计了最优充电电压控制算法,并通过车辆在燃油经济模式的试验进行验证,进而优化参数设计,使系统和算法更加合理和稳健。     

隧道光面爆破护壁装药结构数值模拟分析

利用仿真软件,分别对PVC管与聚氨酯泡沫新型护壁结构的不耦合装药和耦合装药2种工况的炮孔爆破过程进行了数值模拟分析。结果表明:耦合装药结构爆破过程中,炮孔周边单元测点应力的变化规律与不耦合装药结构大致相同;该新型护壁结构对爆炸应力波具有衰减作用,可延长爆炸应力波的传播时间;炸药爆炸时高温高压使聚氨酯泡沫材料产生形变,消耗掉部分爆炸能量,导致传播到空气和岩体上的应力峰值衰减47.02%~53.78%。     

A bi-level model for GHG emission charge based on a continuous distribution of travelers’ value of time (VOT)

Transportation is an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this paper, we develop a bi-level model for GHG emission charge based on continuous distribution of the value of time (VOT) for travelers. In the bi-level model framework, a policy maker (as the leader) seeks an optimal emission charge scheme, with tolls differentiated across travel modes (e.g., bus, motorcycles, and cars), to achieve a given GHG reduction target by shifting the proportions of travelers taking different modes. In response, travelers (as followers) will adjust their travel modes to minimize their total travel cost. The resulting mode shift, hence the outcome of the emission charge policy, depends on travelers’ VOT distribution. For the solution of the bi-level model, we integrate a differential evolution algorithm for the upper level and the “all or nothing” traffic assignment for the lower level. Numerical results from our analysis suggest important policy implications: (1) in setting the optimal GHG emission charge scheme for the design of transportation GHG emission reduction targets, policy makers need to be equipped with rigorous understanding of travelers’ VOT distribution and the tradeoffs between emission reduction and system efficiency; and (2) the optimal emission charge scheme in a city depends significantly on the average value of travelers’ VOT distribution—the optimal emission charge can be designed and implemented in consistency with rational travel flows. Further sensitivity analysis considering various GHG reduction targets and different VOT distributions indicate that plausible emission toll schemes that encourage travelers to choose greener transportation modes can be explored as an efficient policy instrument for both transportation network performance improvement and GHG reduction.     

Understanding public response to a congestion charge: A random-effects ordered logit approach

Public acceptance is consistently listed as having an enormous impact on the implementation and success of a congestion charge scheme. This paper investigates public acceptance of such a scheme in Australia. Surveys were conducted in Brisbane and Melbourne, the two fastest growing Australian cities. Using an ordered logit modeling approach, the survey data including stated preferences were analyzed to pinpoint the important factors influencing people’s attitudes to a congestion charge and, in turn, to their transport mode choices. To accommodate the nature of, and to account for the resulting heterogeneity of the panel data, random effects were considered in the models. As expected, this study found that the amount of the congestion charge and the financial benefits of implementing it have a significant influence on respondents’ support for the charge and on the likelihood of their taking a bus to city areas. However, respondents’ current primary transport mode for travelling to the city areas has a more pronounced impact. Meanwhile, respondents’ perceptions of the congestion charge’s role in protecting the environment by reducing vehicle emissions, and of the extent to which the charge would mean that they travelled less frequently to the city for shopping or entertainment, also have a significant impact on their level of support for its implementation. We also found and explained notable differences across two cities. Finally, findings from this study have been fully discussed in relation to the literature.     

磷酸铁锂电池在城市轨道交通中的应用

通过磷酸铁锂蓄电池与阀控式铅酸蓄电池在城市轨道交通中的应用对比,结合北京地铁8号线整合UPS和直流屏经改造,使用高安全浮充式防火型磷酸铁锂蓄电池替换原有阀控式铅酸蓄电池的实际运行效果进行分析,为城市轨道交通蓄电池的选型提供新途径。     

高速公路双台面秤体计重收费防作弊原理分析

简要介绍了高速公路计重收费系统中常见的几种非正常行车的逃费方式,同时对这些方式进行了仔细的研究与对策,并着重对采用双台面秤体计重收费装置防作弊的原理进行详细的分析与比较。     

风火山隧道光面爆破盐水不耦合装药结构试验研究

研究目的:针对青藏铁路风火山冻土隧道特殊地质条件和气候条件,研究隧道内气温高容易引起隧道围岩融塌的问题。研究方法:理论分析引起隧道工作面温度升高的原因,针对盐水-空气复合不耦合装药结构,进行理论与模拟试验研究。研究结论:爆生气体是影响冻土热平衡的主要热源之一;盐水介质对爆生气体的降温效果十分显著,高达70%;采用NaCl盐水水炮泥封堵炮孔的技术措施,可达到降低工作面温度和有效降尘的目的;采用复合不耦合装药结构可以有效降低爆破对围岩的损伤。     

纯电动汽车动力锂电池SOC估计策略综述

电池管理系统(BMS)采用了防止电池过放电和过充,提供电池均衡控制,能够实现新能源汽车动力锂电池的最佳利用和保护。电池管理系统实时精准估算电池电荷状态(SOC)是提高电动汽车续航里程和延长寿命的关键。然而,SOC不能直接测量,动力电池的充、放电又是一个复杂过程,导致目前现有的SOC估算策略很难精确地估算出实时在线SOC值。因此,如何提高SOC估算精度是当下BMS领域的研究热点。本文通过对各种SOC估算方法进行文献综述,分析和总结各个SOC估算方法的原理及优缺点,提出SOC估计策略未来发展趋势。     

盘锦市普通公路工程招标投标报价策略研究

本文分析了盘锦市普通公路工程造价构成的特点,提出了投标报价的可行策略,为投标单位确定有竞争力的投标报价提供了指导意见。     

浅谈高速公路联网收费管理

从正、反两方面论述高速公路实施联网收费的必要性 ,以及进行高速公路联网收费管理的一些建议和规划的探讨