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Transportation is an important source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. In this paper, we develop a bi-level model for GHG emission charge based on continuous distribution of the value of time (VOT) for travelers. In the bi-level model framework, a policy maker (as the leader) seeks an optimal emission charge scheme, with tolls differentiated across travel modes (e.g., bus, motorcycles, and cars), to achieve a given GHG reduction target by shifting the proportions of travelers taking different modes. In response, travelers (as followers) will adjust their travel modes to minimize their total travel cost. The resulting mode shift, hence the outcome of the emission charge policy, depends on travelers’ VOT distribution. For the solution of the bi-level model, we integrate a differential evolution algorithm for the upper level and the “all or nothing” traffic assignment for the lower level. Numerical results from our analysis suggest important policy implications: (1) in setting the optimal GHG emission charge scheme for the design of transportation GHG emission reduction targets, policy makers need to be equipped with rigorous understanding of travelers’ VOT distribution and the tradeoffs between emission reduction and system efficiency; and (2) the optimal emission charge scheme in a city depends significantly on the average value of travelers’ VOT distribution—the optimal emission charge can be designed and implemented in consistency with rational travel flows. Further sensitivity analysis considering various GHG reduction targets and different VOT distributions indicate that plausible emission toll schemes that encourage travelers to choose greener transportation modes can be explored as an efficient policy instrument for both transportation network performance improvement and GHG reduction. 相似文献
184.
Public acceptance is consistently listed as having an enormous impact on the implementation and success of a congestion charge scheme. This paper investigates public acceptance of such a scheme in Australia. Surveys were conducted in Brisbane and Melbourne, the two fastest growing Australian cities. Using an ordered logit modeling approach, the survey data including stated preferences were analyzed to pinpoint the important factors influencing people’s attitudes to a congestion charge and, in turn, to their transport mode choices. To accommodate the nature of, and to account for the resulting heterogeneity of the panel data, random effects were considered in the models. As expected, this study found that the amount of the congestion charge and the financial benefits of implementing it have a significant influence on respondents’ support for the charge and on the likelihood of their taking a bus to city areas. However, respondents’ current primary transport mode for travelling to the city areas has a more pronounced impact. Meanwhile, respondents’ perceptions of the congestion charge’s role in protecting the environment by reducing vehicle emissions, and of the extent to which the charge would mean that they travelled less frequently to the city for shopping or entertainment, also have a significant impact on their level of support for its implementation. We also found and explained notable differences across two cities. Finally, findings from this study have been fully discussed in relation to the literature. 相似文献
185.
本文分析了盘锦市普通公路工程造价构成的特点,提出了投标报价的可行策略,为投标单位确定有竞争力的投标报价提供了指导意见。 相似文献
186.
浅谈高速公路联网收费管理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从正、反两方面论述高速公路实施联网收费的必要性 ,以及进行高速公路联网收费管理的一些建议和规划的探讨 相似文献
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计重收费在道路管理中的应用 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
超载超限运输是困扰我国公路交通发展的严重问题之一,引发了交通、流通、汽车制造等领域的一系列问题,干扰了国家经济的健康发展,需综合治理。阐述了我国公路超载超限运输的危害,分析其产生的原因和实施计重收费的理论依据,重点讨论了道路管理中采用计重收费的优劣,得知计重收费是治理超载超限的有效方法,最后提出改进建议。 相似文献
189.
从锂皂石原矿中提纯出精矿,经不同浓度的稀盐酸处理得到层电荷数逐渐降低的锂皂石样品,然后对其进行钠化,再与十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)反应从而制得有机锂皂石.有机锂皂石在硝基苯中的黏度和红外光谱分析表明当盐酸浓度为0.2 moL· L-1时,锂皂石的层状结构几乎保持不变,此时层电荷数降低到了黏度最大的临界点.有机化最... 相似文献
190.
客运专线供电系统设计以满足高峰小时供电确定变压器安装容量,但在运营初期,由于行车密度及运量关系,负荷率低,最大需量小。主要对两部制电价的两种基本电费交纳方式进行分析,提出适合我国国情的高速客运专线的基本电费交纳方式。 相似文献