散装煤炭船舶火灾的发生与预防

煤炭在船舶运输中的自燃过程是一个复杂的物理、化学反应过程。在这个过程中,煤炭的品级、水分、内表面积和缝隙、通风方式、杂质等因素起着重要作用。论文通过讨论以上过程,总结出在船舶生产运输实践中,控制煤炭自燃的方法,希望能对运输企业有所帮助。     

液货舱晃荡仿真及结构强度评估

大型船舶液货舱内的晃荡问题十分突出,为保证大型液货船的营运安全,有必要对晃荡载荷作用下的结构强度评估加以研究。文章首先用Dytran程序对某化学品船液货舱部分装载水平下的液面晃荡进行了仿真,得到监测点处的压力时历曲线以及典型时刻液面状态。仿真结果表明,应用HCSR规范中的简化公式计算晃荡载荷对液货舱大部分区域是合理的,但在高装载率下发生冲顶现象时舱顶角隅处的冲击压力远高于规范值。在此基础上,对晃荡载荷与其他载荷的组合方式、工况及需重点校核的构件进行了初步探讨,并根据此方法对某8万吨化学品船No.4货油舱进行了晃荡载荷作用下的结构评估。     

三峡库区消落带土壤重金属含量变化特征研究

采集三峡库区消落带土壤,对干湿交替运行下消落带土壤重金属迁移转化特征进行研究。结果表明:汛期水体重金属含量明显高于汛后,消落带土壤重金属的迁移转化引起的环境风险较低。消落带土壤Cu和Cr主要以残渣态存在,生态风险较低,Pb和Cd可提取态重金属含量较高,潜在生态风险较大。长期周期性干湿交替运行下消落带土壤重金属含量总体呈现增加趋势,土壤中Cu,Pb,Cd,Cr的含量分别提高了17.04%,24.49%,12.99%及13.70%,总体而言,增大幅度排序为Pb>Cu>Cr>Cd。     

地铁暗挖隧道穿越软～流塑地层加固技术研究

南京地铁鼓楼站~玄武门站区间隧道穿越软~流塑地质段,采用浅埋暗挖法施工。针对土层特点,介绍了施工过程中采用的超前预支护大管棚静压顶入、大管棚间布设小导管、掌子面加固等施工技术。实践表明,施工方法简单、快捷,对周围环境影响小,对同类工程有借鉴意义。     

老码头改造中新老结构结合处理的实践

以镇江港某老码头改造的成功案例为背景,通过桩帽、轨道梁节点、新增污水池及端梁支座等4个典型结合部位的设计和施工实践,总结了在处理新老结构结合问题时常见的技术难点,并详细介绍了相应的处理措施以及一些新技术、新工艺的应用.     

散装化学品船舶事故应急处置方案

文章基于散装化学品船舶事故的严重性,结合化学品的特性,指出要对散装化学品进行正确的评价,并针对散装化学品火灾爆炸事故与泄漏事故的特点,提出了相应的应急处置方案。     

危险化学品的隔离

结合《国际海运危险货物运输规则》,从危险化学品反应结果和反应类型两个角度分析危险化学品的隔离问题。     

上海化学工业区码头及进出港注意事项

根据上海化学工业区码头地理与水文特点,在介绍码头概况的基础上,结合在该水域航行和码头靠离泊作业的引航实践,对进出上海化学工业区码头的注意事项进行重点论述。     

川江及三峡库区化学品标准船设计

为了提高三峡船闸的通过能力、保障船舶航行安全、减少船舶污染、保护库区环境和通航设施安全,并调整运力结构,提高内河运输竞争力,展开化学品船船型标准化工作,介绍1 000 t、2 000 t标准化学品船的主要设计技术,该船型使用效果良好。     

Should chemical tankers' tank cleaning waters be banned from discharging into the sea?

Entering of chemical substances into aquatic environment occurs either by involuntary accidents or discharging of chemical wastes resulting from tank washing operations of tankers carrying chemicals. MARPOL 73/78 Convention strict regulations on discharging of chemical residues left in their tanks to the sea, but permits the discharging of such residues provided certain conditions are met. In the present study; the period from 1996 to 2016 is examined and the number of new tankers participating in the chemical tanker fleet and the distribution of these tankers according to dwt tonnage is shown. The tanker fleet which consisted of 1.882 ships in 1966 reached 3.923 units in 2016. Accordingly, the volume of chemical merchandise carried by sea was 132 million tons in 1996, but it reached 287 million tons in 2016. According to the order books, it is understood that these figures will increase even more. The increase in the number of tankers and the growth of the capacities means that more chemical substances are transported at the same time and the tonnage of the chemical waste discharged to the sea is also on increase. Based on the scientific background which proves that chemicals cause biological accumulation and acute and chronic toxicity on aquatic life, and the results of chemical tanker development over the last 20 years that has been presented; It is necessary for maritime authorities to reconsider the legal arrangements for allowing chemical tankers to discharge chemical wastes from tank washing waters to the sea.