GPS卫星导航定位系统初探

主要介绍了GPS卫星导航定位系统的组成、工作原理、特点及其在民用领域的应用。     

地铁供电估算

提出评价地铁供电系统除了从安全性、可靠性、经济性评价之外,还应当有具体的量化指标:主变电所单位安装容量、牵引变电所平均间距、牵引变电所单位安装容量、降压变电所单位安装容量,并提出一些具体的量化数值.阐述国家标准对地铁供电一级负荷电源要求的确切含义、主变电所故障后供电分区的重新调度划分,提出地铁供电系统应急电源应包括的负荷种类及对供电系统容量估算的方法.     

谈中国传统绘画的装饰性

艺术的真实包括客观的真实和主观的真实,中国绘画可以说是一种不拘于客观表现的艺术,更多的是在表现现实的基础上,按照关的原则,强调造型中的某些因素,将形式关抽象出来加以强调突出,使之条理化、程式化、符号化、图案化,富有装饰性．这在中国绘画中的构图、造型、色彩几个方面尤为明显,并显示出极强的艺术感染力．     

佛山市奇龙大桥主桥设计

奇龙大桥主桥是佛山市魁奇路东延线上的一座特大型桥梁,跨越东平水道,采用空间双索面混合梁独塔斜拉桥,跨径组合为66m＋69m＋260m=395m,桥宽40.5m。本桥主要特点是主边跨比较大,主梁采用混合梁,主跨侧采用钢箱梁,边跨侧采用混凝土箱梁,主梁桥面宽度较宽。     

宝兰客专兰州段泥岩软化特性的微观研究

针对西北地区广为分布的黄土地层泥岩,结合宝兰客专上庄隧道工程,通过X射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜以及岩石的物理水理性质试验等手段测定该泥岩地球化学成分、微观构造、矿物成分和物理水理性质,研究黄土地层泥岩软化过程中的变化规律。研究表明,该泥岩中金属元素的含量较多,导致泥岩的颜色较深,且其中矿物成分主要为石英、方解石及斜长石,占总矿物含量的77%,而蒙脱石含量为0,仅含有少许伊利石和高岭石;天然状态下泥岩含有较多的黏土颗粒,这些黏土颗粒间主要是面对面接触或点对面接触,在水的作用下,颗粒间的连接逐渐被破坏,导致岩石内部构造损坏,使得泥岩产生软化现象;化学成分及室内试验结果均表明,该泥岩几乎没有膨胀性,但是具有一定的崩解性。     

Size-fractionated phytoplankton biomass and species composition in the Indian sector of the Southern Ocean during austral summer

During the late austral summer of 1994, Antarctic waters were characterized by low phytoplankton biomass. Along the 62°E meridian transect, between 49°S and 67°S, chlorophyll (Chl.) a concentration in the upper 150 m was on average 0.2 mg m⁻³. However, in the Seasonal Ice Zone (SIZ) chlorophyll a concentrations were higher, with a characteristic deep chlorophyll maximum. The highest value (0.6 mg Chl. a m⁻³) was measured at the Antarctic Divergence, 64°S, corresponding to the depth of the temperature minimum (100 m). This deep biomass maximum decreased from South to North, disappeared in the Permanently Open Ocean Zone (POOZ) and reappeared with less vigour in the vicinity of the Polar Front Zone (PFZ). In the SIZ, the upper mixed layer was shallow, biomass was higher and the >10 μm fraction was predominant. In this zone the >10 μm, 2–10 μm and <2 μm size fractions represented on the average 46%, 25.1% and 28.9% of the total integrated Chl. a stock in the upper 100 m, respectively. The phytoplankton assemblage was diverse, mainly composed of large diatoms and dinoflagellate cells which contributed 42.7% and 33.1% of the autotrophic carbon biomass, respectively. Moving northwards, in parallel with the decrease in biomass, the biomass of autotrophic pico- and nanoflagellates (mainly Cryptophytes) increased steadily. In the POOZ, the picoplanktonic size fraction contributed 47.4% of the total integrated Chl. a stock. A phytoplankton community structure with low biomass and picoplankton-dominated assemblage in the POOZ contrasted with the relatively rich, diverse and diatom-dominated assemblage in the SIZ. These differences reflect the spatial and temporal variations prevailing in the Southern Ocean pelagic ecosystem.     

Seasonal variability of sediment trap collections in the Northeast Water Polynya. Part 2. Biochemical and microscopic composition of sedimenting matter

The annual pattern of vertical particle flux in the Northeast Water (NEW) Polynya was recorded from August 1992 to July 1993 by means of moored time-series sediment traps. A distinct seasonal pattern in sedimentation was observed, with highest flux rates during August–October 1992. During this time 40–70% of the annual total sedimented matter (dry weight, DW) and the components, carbonate, particulate organic carbon and nitrogen (POC and PON), particulate biogenic silica (bPSi) and biogenic matter were recorded: 9.83, 2.04, 1.03, 0.69, 0.14 and 5.55 g m⁻², respectively. Microscopic analysis of the particles revealed that diatoms contributed about 10% of the POC flux, but up to 40% of the POC flux originated from the houses and faeces of appendicularians during the period of highest flux rates. In contrast, faecal pellets were only a minor component of sedimenting POC after the opening of the polynya in June 1993. During this period a sedimentation event of Melosira arctica dominated the microscopically recognizable fraction of the POC. Following the low winter values a significant deviation in POC flux in March documented an early onset of plankton growth and a rapid response to the formation of a winter polynya paralleled by a local change in ice conditions. This was supported by the stable nitrogen isotope signature of the sedimented matter, also indicating an early onset of plankton production in the NEW Polynya. However, the overall amplitude of the Δ¹⁵N signal in the sinking particles showed only small variations (<4‰) and was significantly below the amplitude observed in sedimented material from the Northern North Atlantic ( 8‰). The composition of the sedimented matter, comprising mainly fast sinking particles (appendicularian houses, faecal peliets and Melosira aggregates) lead us to conclude that sedimentation in the NEW Polynya was spatially heterogeneous.     

从2013版《建筑安装工程费用项目组成》看工程造价管理改革思路简

为适应经济社会的发展和建筑市场的变化,建标[2013]44号文发布了修订的《建筑安装工程费用项目组成》,为便于建标[2013]44号文的贯彻执行,将其与建标[2003]206号文发布的《建筑安装工程费用项目组成》进行对比分析,并进一步介绍新版《建筑安装工程费用项目组成》在计价方式和计价程序上发生的变化,及所明确的工程造价管理机构的职能。在更适合工程量清单计价模式下,推动新版《建筑安装工程费用项目组成》在建设工程中的应用。     

高压隔离开关底板组成工艺优化研究

文章从结构、材料并重点从制造工艺等方面分析了高压隔离开关底板组成的变形原因,提出了底板组成工艺优化方案并进行了实施,解决了底板组成存在的变形问题。     

一种低地板铰接动车组转向架及构架的结构设计与强度分析

LI Wen;LU Haiying;MI Caiying;HAN Junchen(CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., 130062, Changchun, China)