养鱼循环水水质的分析

养鱼污水进行处理后再循环回用于养鱼对防止养鱼污水的污染和节省水资源均具有重要意义,但目前尚未见相应的国家和行业标准。本文通过文献调研,并结合相关标准,特别参考《渔业水质标准》,提出了养鱼循环水回用的水质标准。考虑到铝盐絮凝剂的使用,本文还提出了铝的指标限制。     

Distributed mass/discrete floe model for pack ice rheology computation

A new model, called the distributed mass/discrete floe model, is proposed for performing practical computations of mesoscale pack ice rheology. This model possesses the advantages of both the continuum and the discrete element models: it can express the discrete nature of pack ice, for which it is difficult to use a continuum model, and requires a much shorter computation time than a discrete element model. The pack ice is divided into ice bunches in which the floes, assumed to be distributed uniformly, are modeled as inelastic disks or rectangles floating on the water. The ice interaction forces are formulated from the relationship between the impulse on the bunch and the variation of momentum in the bunch. The ocean flow is calculated simultaneously with the floe movement using a multilayer model. In a circulating water channel, drift tests of physical model floes were performed in order to investigate the characteristics of their motion and interaction with ocean structure models. Near the structure, the floe motion depends on the floe shape. Disk floes show a lateral motion in front of the structure. They flow out around both sides of the structure and the number of floes in front of the structure decreases with the lapse of time. On the other hand, rectangular floes scarcely flow laterally. The number of floes in front of the structure remains constant over time. These experiments indicate that when the motion of pack ice around a structure is simulated, it is important to consider the floe shape. The disk floe motion and the rectangular floe motion can be regarded as extreme cases of pack ice motion. Actual pack ice motion may be between these two extremes. Computations were carried out using the distributed mass/discrete floe (DMDF) model. Simulation results were compared with the circulating water channel experiment results and sea ice motion in the southern part of the Sea of Okhotsk. The DMDF model predicted the circulating water channel drift test results quite closely. The DMDF model results also compared quite well with the sea ice motion.     

高速磁悬浮双端并联供电模式下环流特性研究

为适应高速磁悬浮列车在高速运行状况下需要较大牵引功率,同时减小线路损耗、提高可靠性,通常采用牵引变流器双端并联供电模式为磁悬浮列车提供牵引动力.基于仿真分析,通过建立双端供电模式下高速磁悬浮列车牵引供电模型,研究双端供电电缆环流形成机理,分析不同牵引变流器输出电流幅值、频率、相位及不同线路参数下双端供电环流特性.结果表...     

吸风循环式轨道吸污装置的吸污能力及能耗研究

针对轨道吸污装置吸污能力不足和污染周边环境的问题,提出吸风循环吸污的解决方案,即将吹风机产生的全部风量仅供给一侧吹嘴吹风吸污,将吸风机产生的排风供给另外一侧吹嘴吹风吸污,形成吸风机排风的循环利用,并通过调节风门开启的大小,调节吹风的风量和风速,从而增强轨道吸污装置吹风吸污的效果.基于流体力学,在忽略空气黏性力和密度变化以及不同流速气体混合时能量损失的前提下,对按照解决方案改进得到的吸风循环式轨道吸污装置吸污能力及能耗进行分析计算.结果表明:在作业速度为10 km· h-1时,吸风循环式轨道吸污装置能够吸净单层粒径分别达5 mm的铁屑和14.3 mm的石子;相比改进前的轨道吸污装置,吸收污物的最大粒径提高了7倍左右,污物吸净率高于98％;吸污作业功率节省74 kW,能耗下降2o％.     

环形水槽机理与应用研究

通过对环形水槽水流测试,得出流速垂向和径向分布.依据泥沙动水沉降试验,分析横向流对泥沙沉降影响,指出环形水槽应用前景。     

螺旋桨空泡及其诱导的脉动压力的数值和试验研究

对螺旋桨空泡及其诱导的船体表面脉动压力进行了预报分析,并在大型循环水槽进行了模型空泡观测以及脉动压力测试,将模型试验结果、数值预报结果进行了比较分析,讨论了空气含量对脉动压力的影响.     

解析模糊控制理论:模糊控制系统的结构和稳定性分析

  目的  在船舶上,由于汽轮机负载变化迅速,易导致冷凝器真空度波动剧烈。为实现真空度快速稳定,设计一种用于调节船用循环水泵转速的模糊控制器。  方法  通过优化控制器内增加的稳态工况预设值与模糊变量插值这2种方法,克服模糊控制器原本存在的稳态误差大和稳定性差的缺点,通过热力系统仿真,验证优化后的模糊控制器的控制效果。  结果  验证结果显示,与常规比例积分微分（PID）控制相比,优化后的模糊控制器能使冷凝器真空度达到稳定的时间减少约50%,最大误差减少约40%。  结论  优化后的模糊控制是实现循环水泵转速快速调节的有效方法。     

长大列车动力学建模的一种新方法

提出了一种全新的列车动力学建模方法,即基于循环变量的模块化建模方法。该方法彻底解决了长大列车的建模难题,为深入研究列车系统的各类动力学问题打下了良好的基础。     

海水循环泵自流特性仿真研究

利用船舶前进时海水进水口“自流”特性,在船舶达到一定航速时关闭循环泵汽轮机,可以达到节能的目的.结合循环泵汽轮机的热力计算、配汽计算、循环泵水力特性计算的结果,建立基于AMESim软件的海水循环泵及其控制系统仿真模型,考虑船体及主机的惯性,通过稳态工况仿真与试验数据对比验证了模型的有效性,其相对误差小于3.4％.利用所...     

循环水槽隔板设计与水槽倾斜研究

循环水槽同传统拖曳水池相比具有许多优点,因而日益广泛地应用于船型开发和船舶水动力性能研究。在水槽中设置隔板可以模拟海洋中的分层流,但隔板的迟滞作用必然会对循环水槽计测部流场品质造成一定的影响。为了研究这一设想对流场的影响,数值模拟循环水槽在无隔板、整段隔板以及分段隔板情况下的流动情况。对比结果表明,采用分段隔板形式较为理想。另一方面,循环水槽作为一种基础实验设施,对其计测部的水平度有着严格要求,探讨安装中的误差或投入使用后地基沉降引起的水槽倾斜对计测部流动带来的影响。基于VOF模型,模拟水平及各倾角二维条件下循环水槽计测部的流动情况,结果表明,较大倾角时,计测部波面变化较大,且计测部末端有气泡产生,而在微小倾角时,波面变化不明显。