Democratization of Coastal Zone Decision Making for Indigenous Australians: Insights from Stakeholder Analysis

Community participation has become something of an orthodoxy within natural resource management. In the absence of an explicit strategy for democratization and capacity-building the notion of community participation is potentially meaningless and its application likely to mask decisions made in the interests of elite groups. This article examines the shortcomings of participatory processes in coastal resource management and seeks to identify and overcome constraints to democratization and capacity-building for Indigenous Australians. Using two coastal catchments in Central Queensland as a case study, we explore relations of power among stakeholders using Stakeholder Analysis to provide a platform for more effective deliberative participation by this group of stakeholders. Discussion of the specific barriers to participation identified by Aboriginal stakeholders will demonstrate the need to adopt notions of capacity-building that focus not only on the attributes of the individual stakeholder that might facilitate their participation, but on the characteristics also of the decision-making environment.     

公路建设项目环境管理的公众参与研究

公众参与作为公路建设项目环境管理中的重要手段,在促进交通运输行业可持续发展、提高公路建设管理水平方面发挥了极为重要的作用。通过分析公路建设项目环境管理中公众参与的现状,可发现我国公众参与环境管理存在的问题,进而提出新的公众参与模式,促进公路建设事业的可持续发展。     

对高职院校学生体育运动参与情况的调查研究

本文运用文献资料法、调查法和数理统计法等研究方法,对高职院校学生体育运动参与情况进行了调查研究。旨在通过调查,了解高职院校学生的运动参与状况,为改善高职院校学生运动参与现状及提高高职院校学生的运动参与水平提供借鉴和参考。     

基于AHP的公路环境影响公众参与评价方法

判断公路建设对公众环境的影响,运用层次分析法确定调查对象的综合权重值,用定量评价公式求出公路项目对公众的影响程度,并进一步举例说明,结果表明运用层次分析法确定调查对象的综合权重值是可行。     

Why do paratransit operators resist participation in bus rapid transit? Case evidence from Bogota,Mexico City,Johannesburg and Lagos

ABSTRACT

Public transport in cities of the Global South is mainly provided by paratransit operators who self-regulate their services in the absence of adequate formal transport supply and due to weak or no formal regulatory framework and enforcement. Paratransit operators compete with each other for passengers as every passenger translates into profit. Governments in the Global South have sought to reform public transport services through Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) to regulate and ensure efficiency, address the problems of drivers competition and negative externalities associated with paratransit operations. Paratransit operators have been considered as one of the barriers to public transport reforms such as BRT without much consideration for their style of operations. This neglect has contributed to their resistance and low interest in participating in BRT and has even led to opposition. Consequently, non-consideration of incumbent operators in the implementation of transit reforms has been one important reason for delay or failure in their introduction. In this study, we identify reasons why paratransit operators resist and show low interest in BRT even in situations where public institutions have opted not to replace them but rather invite them to participate in the reforms. The basis is a case study analysis of four cities with different characteristics and different BRT implementation strategies where paratransit operators showed resistance and low interest to participate. We identify (1) loss of autonomy, flexibility and established practices/routines, (2) financial and economic risk avoidance and (3) lack of trust in governments who initiate reforms as a basis for their resistance and low interest. These findings are theoretically substantiated by organisational management and social psychology concepts that explain resistance to change. Understanding and recognising these reasons may help planners in designing more appropriate strategies for paratransit reforms.     

The response of the legal system to technological innovation in aquaculture: A comparative study of mariculture legislation in California,Florida and Maine

This article examines salt‐water aquaculture (mariculture) legislation in California, Florida, and Maine, as illustrative of one generic response of the law to aquacultural innovation. Unlike aquacultural legislation in other states, generally drafted to restrict leasing of coastal waters for specific existing technologies, the legislation studied represents a more flexible approach which would accommodate new technologies. Analysis of specific provisions of the three laws indicates the complexity of the issues involved and a variety of mechanisms selected for regulating mariculture, and identifies different state priorities and goals. This report concludes that whereas broadly drafted legislation exemplified by the statutes under study is more likely to accommodate new mariculture technologies than piecemeal legislation, there are a number of complex issues that must be identified and resolved in order to achieve the desired results. The failure of each of the states to respond fully to the broad range of issues involved may inhibit aquacultural innovation or unduly restrict nonaquacultural uses of the coastal zone.     

Analysis of within-household effects and between-household differences in maintenance activity allocation

This paper investigates the allocation of household individuals to out-of-home maintenance activities using the rich activity-travel diary data from the San Francisco Bay Area. Two inter-related decisions are considered in this context: (i) whether the given activity episode is performed individually (solo) or jointly, and (ii) the person who participates in the activity, if it is a solo activity. To account for the conditional nature of the solo activity person selection, a nested mixed logit modeling framework is proposed and implemented to jointly analyze person allocation for all maintenance activities performed by a household on a given day. The model is used to investigate within-household effects and between-household differences. The proposed model relaxes some important restrictions in person allocation models by accounting for various sources of correlations and relaxing the assumption of constant variance across households. The proposed model is used to analyze the differences in person allocation between different types of households. The results indicate that life-cycle and household role, income, gender, employment status, and several types of constraints (activities including cost, time-availability, vehicle-availability, coordination constraints, and child-care obligations) affect person allocation decisions in the context of maintenance activities. The empirical results indicate the presence of various sources of correlations across persons, over activities, and within-household that are significant. In addition, the data also provides evidence that the unobserved variances in person selection utilities are not constant across households. A better understanding of these within-household interactions and between-household differences may be used in activity-based simulation models and to develop more effective and focused demand management measures.     

船艉结构三维有限元动力分析

以艉部结构为例,阐述对船体结构进行三维有限元动力分析的基本过程和关键技术。建立艉部结构三维有限元模型,使用Fluent软件计算螺旋桨脉动压力,采用Helmholtz方法计算附连水质量;为了消除局部模态的干扰,使用模态参与因子提取结构的整体模态;计算结构的固有频率、模态、速度和加速度等动力学参数。实例分析表明所采用的分析方法能够准确预报结构的振动特性。     

浅析新时期高等职业教育集团发展的新思路

高等职业教育集团建设可以促进地方经济发展和职业教育事业跨越式发展。应准确把握高等职业教育集团建设的内涵,政府支持,企业参与,创新务实,以推动当前高等职业教育集团的建设与发展。     

提高高职课堂教学学生学习参与度研究

提高高等职业院校的课堂教学质量,是高等职业院校加强内涵建设和实施素质教育的需要。高等职业院校的课堂教学质量受学生学习参与度的影响。找到高职课堂教学学生学习参与度的影响因素,应当能够梳理卅提高高等职业院校的课堂教学学生学习参与度的措施。