公众参与的交通需求管理

为了加强交通需求管理（TDM）整个过程中公众参与的程度,保障TDM的可实施性和有效性,提出了公众参与的交通需求管理概念。从公众的视角,分析了TDM与公众参与的关系和公众参与TDM的意义,总结提炼了公众参与TDM的原则、方法和策略,并初步探讨了公众参与交通需求管理的主要流程和实施框架,为合理制定交通需求管理政策提供了一种参考思路与方法。     

公众意见调查综合支持指数在铁路建设项目竣工环保验收中的应用

公众意见调查是铁路建设项目竣工环保验收的主要内容与重要环节。本文从所选的20项通过环境保护部验收的铁路竣工环境保护验收公众意见调查资料人手,采用公众意见调查综合支持指数研究公众对铁路项目的支持程度,将公众意见调查分为强烈支持、比较支持、一般支持和反对4个等级,研究表明,公众意见凋查综合支持指数计算结果与环境管理决策一致,公众意见调查综合支持指数可作为一种定量分析方法,为铁路竣工环保验收提供决策支持。     

Analysis of within-household effects and between-household differences in maintenance activity allocation

This paper investigates the allocation of household individuals to out-of-home maintenance activities using the rich activity-travel diary data from the San Francisco Bay Area. Two inter-related decisions are considered in this context: (i) whether the given activity episode is performed individually (solo) or jointly, and (ii) the person who participates in the activity, if it is a solo activity. To account for the conditional nature of the solo activity person selection, a nested mixed logit modeling framework is proposed and implemented to jointly analyze person allocation for all maintenance activities performed by a household on a given day. The model is used to investigate within-household effects and between-household differences. The proposed model relaxes some important restrictions in person allocation models by accounting for various sources of correlations and relaxing the assumption of constant variance across households. The proposed model is used to analyze the differences in person allocation between different types of households. The results indicate that life-cycle and household role, income, gender, employment status, and several types of constraints (activities including cost, time-availability, vehicle-availability, coordination constraints, and child-care obligations) affect person allocation decisions in the context of maintenance activities. The empirical results indicate the presence of various sources of correlations across persons, over activities, and within-household that are significant. In addition, the data also provides evidence that the unobserved variances in person selection utilities are not constant across households. A better understanding of these within-household interactions and between-household differences may be used in activity-based simulation models and to develop more effective and focused demand management measures.     

The link between traffic-related occurrence and annoyance

This paper examines the relationship between a respondent's estimate of a traffic-related occurrence and his/her level of annoyance with it. Factors such as traffic flow, speeding, parked cars, standard of the sidewalk, and cyclists on the sidewalk are tested. The data was collected in 2008 from a questionnaire study sent to circa 1400 residents living along four arterial streets in Malmö, Sweden. The results indicate that the respondents seem to associate the estimate of occurrence with a rather corresponding or lower level of annoyance. Deviations from these main results are mainly found for the oldest (> 64) age group where high estimate of occurrence is associated with low annoyance concerning some of the factors.     

Integrated smartcard solutions: do people want one card for all their services?

Smartcard technologies offer the potential for bringing transport and citizen services onto a single smartcard platform – referred to henceforth as an integrated ‘Transport-Citizen’ (TranCit) card. One question never fully addressed thus far is whether the general public see the integration of services onto a single card as desirable. Based upon research undertaken through the Yorcard project trials, this paper presents the analysis of a series of three focus groups and responses to a public questionnaire which investigated the general desire for multi-application, integrated smartcards. Our findings suggest there is potential for an integrated TranCit card, facilitating easier access to services and travel options across boundaries, even at the international level. A number of operational, technical and data security issues exist which need to be resolved before there would be a greater acceptance of an integrated TranCit card, from both the traveller and the service provider perspective.     

呼和浩特市停车发展专项规划的研究与探讨

面对呼和浩特市飞速增长的机动车保有量,停车问题已日益突显出来,而且已经成为制约城市交通发展的瓶颈。通过对呼和浩特市停车设施现状的调研和存在问题的分析,提出呼和浩特市编制停车发展专项规划的必要性和迫切性。借鉴国内外先进的规划思路和方法,对呼和浩特市停车专项规划如何具有可实施性和如何建立公众参与机制进行了探索和研究,提出针对不同地区停车系统的整治原则。探讨政府应通过成立专门管理机构和颁布相应法规来保证停车规划的可实施性。引入公众参与机制,通过将市民关注的问题和提出的措施建议纳入规划中,为规划的贯彻实施奠定良好的群众基础。     

从公共服务到公共治理

近年来政府管理的实践表明,公民对政府公共管理的质量要求不断提升,关于何为优质公共管理的看法在不断深化。“新公共管理”所倡导的高效、节约地提供公共产品,将服务对象看作顾客的理念,较为肤浅且具有局限性。真正良好公共管理的目标在于为公民们创建一个和谐、优美的生活工作环境。这也就是要实现良好社会公共治理的根本目标。在这里,公民的直接参与和评价是衡量依据的最终标准。     

轨道交通规划环评信息公开与公众参与的实践与分析

轨道交通规划环评信息的公开对城市社会的影响具有正反两方面的作用。在规划环评开展的初期,由于各方认识的不一致,其信息公开和公众参与是很有限的。近年来,通过多个城市的规划环评工作的实践,对规划阶段的信息公开和公众参与方式有了全新的体会。从理论研究入手,结合实际案例,分析了信息公开的利与弊以及公众参与工作对整个方案的作用和影响,归纳总结了开展此类规划环评存在的问题,提出了信息公开和公众参与应掌握的基本原则,以使规划方案更加科学、经济、合理、合法、合民意,为工程的实施创造良好的社会环境。     

根植于不同土壤之上的市民剧理论 --莱辛美学思想探析之三

莱辛和李渔是属于大致相同的历史时期的中西方两位伟大的戏曲理论家,对他们进行比较文论的主题学比较,其目的是通过大致相同的主题在不同文化背景下表现形式及不同的审美心态.借以探求他们在艺术审美和戏剧观念上的差异,并解析其中的文化内涵,对两位不同戏剧理论家的美学观念进行比较,并不是简单的罗列其相同点和差异,而是要从中见出不同民族的艺术家在对民族的审美观念所关注的具有共性的问题.