A hybrid model of fuzzy and AHP for handling public assessments on transportation projects

Having an effective public participation in transportation planning and project development processes has been a major concern for developed countries. In the United States, for instance, all state Departments of Transportation are subject to the Transportation Equity Act (TEA-21) that formally requires public involvement in transportation planning. Since transportation planning involves public resources and values, judgments by the public should play a key role in determining final decisions. Therefore, all these agencies are required not only to disseminate information to the public, but also to solicit and consider public opinion in forming transportation policy. This work presents a decision support model, with public involvement and public oversight, to help policy makers select appropriate transportation projects for implementation. Since focus groups will face multiple objectives and inexact information in the process, a hybrid model of fuzzy logic and analytical hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed. A set of ‘if–then’ rules based on Weber’s psycho-physical law of 1834 is presented to reason from fuzzy numbers to capture essential subjective preferences, pairwise, among the alternatives. The AHP is then incorporated to estimate preference allotments among alternatives. An example application of the suggested method is provided seeking public approval of an appropriate public bus transportation system choosing between one run by municipal authorities and one run by private agencies to show how this procedure works.

步行和自行车交通规划中的公众参与

公众参与是步行和自行车交通规划中体现行人和骑车者意愿和特征的一项重要规划技术,应当给予尊重和关注.首先介绍了城市规划的公众参与理论,指出公众参与应成为城市交通规划的重要环节.总结中国城市交通规划中对于步行和自行车安全缺乏关注、对于过街设施的采用判断失误等典型问题,同时回顾韩国、美国、欧洲城市步行和自行车交通规划的公众参...     

Community Perceptions of a World Heritage Nomination Process: The Ningaloo Coast Region of Western Australia

The remote Ningaloo Coast region, the location of Australia's largest fringing coral reef, was designated as World Heritage (WH) in 2011 based on its outstanding natural values. In the past, the WH nomination process predominantly involved experts and state officials. More recently, local community involvement has become a required part of the process, representing a move toward participatory governance that can potentially influence WH designation. Understanding community perceptions of the WH nomination process provides insights into the consequences of community involvement. Interviews were conducted with key local community members involved in the Ningaloo Coast WH nomination. Interviews focused on the perceptions and experience of the nomination process and local meanings of WH designation. Results indicated that while there was support for WH designation, the nomination process was seen as controversial. Community involvement was dominated by local political and social concerns, mistrust, misinformation, and perceived unfairness. Concerns were influenced by past and current government actions and decision-making in the region. The article identifies some challenges associated with local community involvement in a WH nomination process. These challenges raise questions about participatory governance and how local community's engage in the WH nomination process for coastal regions identified by experts as globally significant.     

Applying Public Participation Geographic Information Systems for Coastal Wading Bird Conservation

Coastal estuaries in the northern Gulf of Mexico are important habitat for wading birds, but are threatened by land use and ecological changes. Conservation has been demonstrated to be more effective when stakeholders are included in the decision-making process. Public Participation Geographic Information Systems (PPGIS) facilitates the inclusion of stakeholder preferences in the planning process by allowing a direct spatial comparison with other ecological data. In this study, we used a PPGIS survey of residents of two counties on Alabama’s Gulf Coast to identify wading bird conservation hotspots as identified by local residents. Additionally, we assessed the ability of general public respondents to accurately identify wading bird habitat, determined whether participants associated wading bird habitat with particular land cover types, and examined whether respondents identified areas with high wading bird species richness. We found that respondents could accurately identify suitable wading bird habitat on a map of the study area, but underrepresented riparian forest, which is an important habitat for many wading bird species. Additionally, participants tended to prioritize areas that support higher wading bird species richness. Thus, this study demonstrated how PPGIS can function as an important tool for incorporating both stakeholder management preferences and identifying knowledge gaps.     

论行政相对人法律地位的提升

随着现代公共行政的发展，行政主体与行政相对人的关系发生了根本性的变化，行政相对人已不再是单纯的被管理，其地位得以提升，突出表现为：服务行政观念的逐步确立，柔性、富含民主精神的行政方式被广泛运用，非政府公共组织的大量产生等，为相对人法律地位的提升提供了现实基础；行政公开是行政相对人法律地位提升的必要前提；行政参与是行政相对人法律地位提升的有效途径；推行服务承诺制是行政相对人法律地位提升的有益探索。     

会计准则制定的国家博弈及经济后果

本文从经济利益着手,分析了各主要国家及经济组织对会计准则制定权的争夺,指出会计标准的国际化背后的实质是各国的利益之争。在国际会计准则制定的过程中利益斗争将长期存在,政治化程序不可避免,而最终的国际会计准则将是各方利益之争的均衡结果。我国也应积极、充分参与其中。     

地铁安全中的公众参与

随着国际恐怖主义的泛滥,以及各国国内复杂的治安状况,使地铁安全问题具有鲜明的"公共性".这就要求在制定任何地铁安全方案时应该充分考虑到公众参与对决策的影响.分析了世界地铁面临的主要安全问题,阐释了公众参与的意义、原则、途径、措施,以及公众参与过程中权利的保护和申诉的渠道、程序.     

Incorporating uncertainty and risk in transportation investment decision-making

This paper presents a framework for addressing uncertainty and risk for large-scale transportation investments involving public–private participation. Demand, fare/toll and demand responsive costs are considered in the uncertainty analysis. Uncertainty analysis provides information on economic feasibility of the project. A set of relaxation policies is proposed to form various Ownership, Tenure and Governance (OTG) strategies reflecting the nature and level of participation by the public and private entity. A Monte Carlo Simulation-based Value at Risk is used to quantify risk. Finally, a methodology is proposed to integrate uncertainty and risk. The framework is tested on the proposed multibillion dollar Detroit River International Crossing connecting the cities of Detroit in the USA with Windsor in Canada. The analysis provides insights to probable outcomes for this transportation infrastructure investment under different OTG scenarios.     

公众参与引入公路施工期环境监理探讨

根据银古高速公路施工期开展环境监理的实践,论述了公路施工期实施环境监理的重要性,分析了公路项目环境监理引入公众参与的必要性,探讨了公路施工期公众参与环境保护的内容和方法。     

基于模态参预的激励自由度有效性研究

为研究模态试验激励自由度有效性问题,分3种工况改变激振器输入力相位,对某城际动车组进行静态台架激振器试验,得到输入力及响应加速度信号。根据模态分析理论,利用Test.Lab软件识别车体典型模态参数,并同时得到各阶模态留数矩阵。根据模态参预的定义,得到不同工况下激振力对各阶模态的模态参预。最后根据模态参预矩阵对激励自由度有效性进行判定,同时给出车体1阶垂直、弯曲及车体1阶扭转模态的最佳激励方式,并依据模态参预对模态参数估计的准确性进行简单说明。