Cost analysis of bulk cargo containerization

ABSTRACT

Bulk cargo containerization (BCC) involves changes in the transportation mode of container shipping for cargo that uses bulk carriers without packing. This topic has recently attracted considerable attention as an alternative transportation method for container cargo. BCC is advantageous because it can address imbalances in the amount of cargo conveyed between the main and back hauls, thereby improving efficiency. A previous survey among companies involved in cargo shipping revealed that in addition to ocean freight, vanning and devanning, and customs clearance costs, consignees’ decisions were the key factor in selecting transport modes. The present study aims to clarify the cost competitiveness of container shipping and identify cost reductions that may increase the use of BCC. To quantitatively check the results of the survey employed in this study, we constructed a model based on consignees’ and container shipping companies’ costs to determine the choice of transport mode for back-haul trade, then examined the incentives for consignees and shipping companies. We found that BCC can be realized by cost reduction on the part of the consignee and profit improvement on the part of the container shipping company for some routes and goods. Although reducing the freight rate would effectively promote BCC, reducing other costs would not have the same effect.     

珠三角城际铁路开行4辆编组动车组信号专业适配性方案探讨

介绍了珠三角城际铁路开行4辆编组动车组的必要性,并针对由此引发的CTCS2+ATO列控系统的适配性改造和互联互通需求进行分析,重点研究开行4辆编组动车组信号专业与站台门联动控制的适配性技术,并提出了4种解决方案.     

Modeling traffic noise in a mountainous city using artificial neural networks and gradient correction

Different regions have established traffic noise prediction models to adapt to their particular environmental characteristics. This paper aimed to develop a traffic noise prediction model for mountainous cities. In China, the traffic noise prediction model HJ 2.4-2009, which itself is based on the sound pressure level corrected for roadway gradients (RGs), has been receiving widespread acceptance. On the basis of the model in HJ 2.4-2009, the RG correction coefficient was proposed to modify the original model and a per-vehicle noise prediction model was built using a multilayer feedforward artificial neural network (ANN) model. The data collected from a municipal road of a hilly city, Chongqing, was used to train and validate the ANN model. The predictor variables comprised the per-vehicle noise value, vehicle type, vehicle velocity, and roadway gradient. The results showed that the modified HJ 2.4-2009 model incorporating the gradient correction coefficient achieved a significantly higher R² for mountainous cities than the original model. Besides, the ANN-based noise prediction model achieved considerable accuracy improvement over the empirical predictive equations.     

一种基于时空距离的带时间窗车辆路径问题算法

带时间窗的车辆路径问题是典型的NP难题,一种常用的求解方法是先对顾客分组,后进行路径优化的两阶段启发式算法. 传统算法在顾客分组时主要考虑顾客的空间位置关系,但是忽略了顾客对服务时间窗口的要求. 本文同时考虑顾客的时间和空间特性,提出了一种基于时空度量的顾客分组方法. 在路径优化阶段,本文提出了一种禁忌搜索算法来进行求解,该算法中禁忌的对象不是解,而是这些解的目标函数值的区间,以便于提高收敛效率. 作为验证,本文以Solomon标杆问题集为算例进行演算,结果表明,在窄时间窗约束下,基于时空距离的两阶段启发式算法明显优于基于空间距离的算法,且部分算例的解达到了国内外已发表的最好解.     

基于时空状态网络的电动物流车辆路径优化方法

针对电动物流车辆续航里程有限与充电基础设施不足的问题,综合考虑电池容量、车辆承载能力、充电站能力、客户服务时间窗、路网空间结构等约束条件,基于离散时空状态网络建立整数线性规划模型。扩展的状态维度可同时表征车辆剩余载重量和剩余电量的时空轨迹。通过对客户服务需求和充电站能力约束进行拉格朗日松弛,并增加二次惩罚项,构建增广拉格朗日模型。经过线性化处理二次目标函数,在块坐标下降框架下,原问题被分解为最短路径子问题,嵌入前向动态规划算法,循环依次求解。惩罚项的引入可以克服解的对称性问题,加快算法的收敛速率。通过计算最优上界与下界之间的间隙,评估可行解的质量。基于Sioux Falls网络构建测试算例,实验结果表明,该方法可以在时间、空间和状态维度上同步优化电动车辆路径和充电决策,可以有效避免车辆绕行充电,节省在途充电时间和配送成本,实现城市电动化物流资源的时空优化配置。     

基于ANP—Fuzzy方法的物流服务供应链流程对接绩效评价

分析了物流服务供应链协同运作的特点,从流程对接前、中、后3个时间段出发,建立了物流服务供应链协同运作流程对接评价指标体系．在评价方法上,综合考虑ANP和模糊评价法的优点,采用ANP方法来确定各指标的权重,用模糊评价法对各指标原始得分进行评价,建立ANP—Fuzzy综合绩效评价模型,并进行了算例分析．结果表明,该方法可以定量地评价物流服务供应链流程对接绩效,具有一定的推广价值．     

基于博弈论的促进物流信息共享体制机制的研究

随着现代物流信息技术的发展,区域物流信息平台的构建与资源整合已成为当代物流行业的发展热点。从分析目前行业中物流信息资源共享面临的主要问题入手,引入博弈论中的囚徒困境模型对现有信息共享机制进行研究,通过分析博弈各方的收益与策略选择得出目前信息共享障碍的症结所在,并针对问题提出如何改善现有物流信息共享体制机制,促进市场多方实时、真实、有效地共享信息资源,实现物流系统整体效率与效益的最大化。     

我国物流园区发展现状及政策浅析

物流园区作为多种物流服务功能的重要节点不仅对物流业的发展起到了巨大的促进作用,同时对城市发展及社会效益也作出了巨大的贡献。该文先对国外物流园区的发展做了简要概况,然后就我国物流园区的发展现状及相关政策进行了分析,最后针对物流园区存在的问题提出几点建议,对我国物流园区的发展有一定的借鉴意义。     

基于因子分析的武汉城市圈经济发展状况研究

基于因子分析法,运用SPSS软件对武汉城市圈经济发展状况进行综合评价,客观反映了武汉城市圈9个城市的综合经济实力,并对进一步改善武汉城市圈经济发展提出了若干建议。