Does European high-speed rail affect the current level of air services? An EU-wide analysis

This paper analyses whether the current provision of air services in Europe is impacted by high-speed rail (HSR). An ex-post analysis is carried out considering 161 routes EU-wide using transnational data. We use censored regressions with special attention paid to the presence of outliers in the sample and to the potential problem of non-normality of error terms. It is found that shorter HSR travel times involve less air services, with similar impact on both airline seats and flights. This impact quickly drops between 2.0- and 2.5-h HSR travel time. The impact of HSR frequencies is much more limited. Hubbing strategies led by the airlines have the opposite effect from HSR, as hubs involve more air services. Airline/HSR integration at the airport and cities being served by both central and peripheral stations have no significant impact. Metropolitan and national spatial patterns may help to better understand intermodal effects.     

价格指数法调整利用外资铁路建设项目土建工程价差的操作方法

根据以往铁路建设项目利用外资土建工程采用价格指数法调整价差的实际情况，通过和铁道部实行的价差系数法进行价差调整进行对比分析。归纳出价格指数法调整价差存在的7个方面的差异和问题。分别为调整范围的差异，非调整因子的差异，调整年度的差异，劳务费调整的差异，钢材、木材、水泥及其他材料权重的差异，机械使用费调整的差异，调差地区划分的差异。并针对上述差异和问题进行分析，找出存在差异的主要影响因素，总结出一套既符合铁路项目投资管理及真实反映工程造价水平，又符合铁路实际情况及与国际惯例接轨的外资土建工程价格调整公式。     

���ڲ��컯�ĺ��չ�˾��̬�۸����ĸ�����

为深入分析航空公司动态价格竞争的复杂性,运用非线性动力学的分支理论,构建了基于差异化的航空公司动态价格竞争模型,依据动力学稳定性判定条件,讨论了该模型均衡点的存在性、存在个数与稳定性,数值仿真了不同条件下模型复杂的动力学行为.仿真结果表明,航空公司价格调整速度对模型的稳定性有明显的影响,一旦价格调整速度超过某一临界值,系统将表现出分岔、混沌等复杂的动力学现象;与Nash均衡利润相比,在混沌状态下航空公司的利润均显著下降;差异化战略对航空公司定价、利润有重要影响,保持和加强对竞争对手的差异化优势有助于自身获得更大的市场竞争优势.     

基于任务驱动的交互式网络学习模式的探索

本文分析了目前远程教育存在的问题,提出了基于任务驱动的交互式网络学习模式,阐述了其意义、任务设计的原则及其教学过程,旨在激发学生网络学习的主动性,提高网络学习平台的使用率和交互率.     

基于IEEE Std.80-2000变电所接地网设计简析

详细介绍了基于IEEE Std.80-2000变电所接地网设计的步骤,简要分析并总结了相关设计经验。结合某工程进 行计算举例,同时用ETAP软件仿真,验证计算结果。最后针对IEEE Std.80-2000和ETAP软件在工程中的实际应用给出了使 用建议。     

水下通信模拟训练系统设计与关键技术研究

该模拟系统旨在解决舰潜水下通信训练中存在的两大难题：一是通信声纳开机的时机少、时间短,训练机会少;二是通信声纳日常训练中没有训练环境和通信对象,训练效果差。该系统采用模块化的设计方式和面向对象的建模方法,将系统有机地分解成若干个模块,对系统的总体架构进行了说明,并对关键模块的实现进行了详细的阐述。     

A game-theoretical approach for modeling competitions in a maritime supply chain

ABSTRACT

To accommodate the structural changes in logistics, competitions along a maritime supply chain are more intensive than before. This paper adopts a two-stage noncooperative game-theoretical approach to model the horizontal and vertical interactions among liners and ports. In the first stage, Bertrand game is applied to model the interactions between two liners. When the shipping line decides which port to call, a multinomial Logit model is applied. In the second stage, Bertrand game is applied to model the competitions between two ports. Nash equilibrium is derived by solving the Bertrand games. A numerical example is provided as a case study.     

Travel demand estimation risk for high‐speed railway transport considering travel price competition

The Hokkaido Shinkansen (HS) bullet train line is under consideration to open in 2020. In this study, travel demand is estimated for the HS. Because some explanatory variables that are used for such estimation can have estimation errors, travel demand estimation risk is also calculated. In addition, because the HS can compete with airlines for modal share, the impacts of travel price competition (TPC) on the travel demand and the demand estimation risk are also estimated. In this study, the travel demand estimation risk is measured as the variance or the SD of the stochastic travel demand. The analysis reveals the following: the modal share of HS is 16% less when TPC is considered than when it is not considered; TPC causes the travel demand estimation risk to decrease; the probabilities of the HS operating at a deficit with and without consideration of TPC are calculated as 31.2% and 1.25%, respectively, and the increase in the mean consumer surplus accruing from the HS is calculated as JPY 47bn/year ($US588m/year) without TPC and as JPY 66bn/year ($US825m/year) with TPC. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A network‐based model for estimating the market share of a new high‐speed rail system

This paper presents a novel application of static traffic assignment methods, but with a variable time value, for estimating the market share of high‐speed rail (HSR) in the northwest–southeast (NW–SE) corridor of Korea currently served by air, conventional rail and highway modes. The proposed model employs a time–space network structure to capture the interrelations among competing transportation modes, and to reflect their supply‐ and demand‐side constraints as well as interactions through properly formulated link‐node structures. The embedded cost function for each network link offers the flexibility for incorporating all associated factors, such as travel time and fare, in the model computation, and enables the use of a distribution rather than a constant to represent the time–value variation among all transportation mode users. To capture the value‐of‐time (VOT) of tripmakers along the target corridor realistically, this study has developed a calibration method with aggregate demand information and key system performance data from the NW–SE corridor.     

基于VB和APDL堆取料机臂架参数化平台设计

应用参数化思想建立有限元参数化平台,采用VB语言实现对APDL的调用,形成了参数化的有限元分析设计平台;以堆取料机臂架有限元参数化为例阐述了该设计方法的可行性。