The Strategy for Coastal Sustainability: A Spanish Initiative for ICZM

The Spanish Strategy for Coastal Sustainability (SCS) was an initiative aimed at implementing coastal interventions under the principles of Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) and improving the state of the coast at the Spanish national level. The SCS, promoted by the Spanish Ministry of the Environment, started as a broad national strategy in 2005 and was finally delivered as a coastal planning instrument at the regional level in late 2007, designed to address coastal policies within the Spanish maritime–terrestrial public domain (MTPD). The initiative was triggered by the increasing pressure on the coastal zone and its preparation was supported by different European initiatives, first of all the European Recommendation on ICZM (413/2002/EC), while taking into consideration the future requirements of the Mediterranean Protocol on ICZM of the Barcelona Convention, signed in February 2008. Technically, the preparation of the SCS included four steps: (i) a Stakeholder Identification and Engagement process, including a stocktaking of the laws and regulations, (ii) the design of a broad Strategic Framework for the Spanish coastal zone, including a set of specific objectives and the instruments for its implementation, (iii) the signature of cooperation agreements for ICZM between the central government and the regions, and (iv) a detailed Technical Diagnosis at the local scale, designed to address future coastal interventions in the maritime–terrestrial public domain and its areas of influence. This article aims to: (i) illustrate the triggering factors of the SCS, including the Spanish coastal issues, the administrative framework at the national level, and the European and international policies addressing coastal management and (ii) illustrate the approaches and methodologies used for the preparation of the SCS, reporting the most relevant quantitative results. The article concludes that the SCS gave a strong contribution in the construction of a base of knowledge for the coastal zone and to improve coastal management practices. Despite this, complex distributions of competences still undermine the implementation of strategic interventions. In this context, the future ratification of the ICZM Protocol of the Barcelona Convention represents an opportunity to use the SCS process results and improve coastal management practices and the state of the coast.     

The polarization of global container flows by interoceanic canals: geographic coverage and network vulnerability

It is widely acknowledged that the two major interoceanic canals of Suez and Panama play a central role in global shipping flows. However, this role has rarely been measured with precision both in terms of the geographic coverage and network topological properties of canal-dependent flows. Based on vessel movement data for containerships, this research clarifies the weight and share of canal-dependent flows globally and at the level of world regions, routes, and ports. It also estimates and maps the effects of removing canal-dependent flows from the network by means of graph-theoretical methods. While main results converge in showing a decreasing importance of canal shipping in the context of growing south-south trade exchanges, certain areas remain more dependent than others, such as Asia, Europe, and North America. The research also underlines factors of port vulnerability across the globe in relation with the two canals.     

数据驱动的共享单车停放区规划方法研究

从宏观和微观两个角度研究共享单车停放区规划方法,宏观层面解决停放区选址定容问 题,微观层面进一步优化每个停放区内部的停车位布局问题。宏观层面利用DBSCAN对共享单 车停/取点进行聚类分析得到停/取需求点;然后考虑共享单车使用者路径选择、停/取点选择和停 放区服务能力约束,建立混合整数线性规划模型优化停放区选址及容量。微观层面充分考虑行 人、自行车与汽车之间的影响,其中行人和自行车采用改进社会力模型进行仿真,并考虑共享单 车使用者最优停放区选择;汽车采用智能驾驶模型进行仿真。停车位布局通过仿真通行效率及 混合交通流风险进行评价,并基于代理模型进行优化。该方法应用于北京市崇文门地铁站周边 共享单车停放区规划,验证了方法的有效性,该方法可提高混合交通流通行效率,降低交通风险。     

郑西铁路客运专线无砟轨道桥梁设计及思考

研究目的:郑州至西安铁路客运专线为我国第一条在湿陷性黄土地区修建的无砟轨道铁路客运专线,通过该线渑池至灵宝段无砟轨道桥梁设计关键技术问题的研究分析,解决在湿陷性黄土地区修建客运专线无砟轨道铁路桥梁的设计问题。研究结果:通过郑西线渑池至灵宝段无砟轨道桥梁设计关键技术问题的研究分析,提出了湿陷性黄土湿陷性厚度和负摩阻力取值原则、沉降计算方法和控制原则、桥墩横向刚度控制办法及相邻桥墩纵向线刚度控制原则,并提出了郑西线桥梁施工中需要注意的一些重要问题。     

基于各向异性材料的全预应力梁自振频率的研究

研究目的：探讨从各向异性材料的角度，对全预应力梁中力筋预应力和自振频率间的相关关系进行分析研究，为进一步开展预应力梁的动测技术研究打下基础。研究方法：将预应力混凝土梁按各向异性复合材料进行理论分析和计算。 研究结果：推导出铁木辛柯型预应力梁的自振频率的计算公式。 研究结论：本文的分析方法和计算公式能比较好地反映梁的自振频率随预应力增加而增加的变化趋势，计算的结果与试验数据吻合较好，前二阶频率的计算具有较高的精度。在进行全预应力混凝土梁自振频率的研究中，将混凝土材料看作各向异性复合材料进行分析是可行的。     

强涌水复杂地质条件下大型桥梁基础施工技术

结合重庆朝天门长江大桥的P 7主墩基础施工实践,介绍在裂隙发育、破碎涌水地层的基础施工中,如何采取措施,克服地质难题,减小涌水对施工的影响,确保大型桥梁的承台和桩基等基础工程质量和进度。     

Dynamic Stress and Pore Pressure Around Circular Cavity in Saturated Porous Elastic Half-space Under Harmonic Plane Dilatational Waves

Dynamic stress concentration and pore pressure concentration around an infinitely long cylindrical cavity of circular cross-section subjected to harmonic plane dilatational waves in fluid-saturated porous elastic half-space were obtained by a complex function method based on potential function and multi-polar coordinate. The steady state Biot‘s dynamic field equations of porous elastic solid with a viscous liquid were uncoupled into Helmholtz equations via given potential functions. A circular cavity with large radius is used to replace the straight boundary of the saturated porous elastic half-space. The stresses and pore pressures were obtained by using complex functions in multi-polar coordinates with certain boundary conditions of the solid matrix and the fluid matrix. The approximate solutions were compared to existing numerical solutions. Then the variations of the coefficients of dynamic stress concentration and the pore pressures concentration on boundaries of the cavity were discussed with different parameter conditions. The results of the given numerical example indicate that the method used is useful and efficient to the scattering and dynamic stress concentration of plane dilatational waves in saturated porous elastic half-space.     

用动物模型定位、克隆复杂性疾病的易感基因:以类风湿关节炎动物模型为范例

基于复杂性疾病的临床异质性,或称表型异质性;遗传异质性,或称位点异质性;多基因的微效作用;异位显性(epistasis);拟表型(phenocopy);环境因素的作用等特点,鉴定复杂性疾病的易感基因是一种艰巨有时难以完成的任务。近交系动物遗传背景清晰,动物实验可控制环境因素的干扰,以及转基因动物在研究基因功能中独特的作用,应用动物模型为筛选鉴定人类复杂性疾病的易感基因提供了不可替代的工具。以大鼠类风湿关节炎模型为例,定位克隆易感基因步骤包括:①选择亲代近交系,建立关节炎模型;②分离育种,连锁分析、确定数量性状位点(QTLs);③建立Congenic系、窄化QTL区域;④位置克隆基因;⑤易感基因的功能验证。我们应用这一策略从朴日斯烷(Pristane)诱导的关节炎大鼠模型中已筛选出十余个控制关节炎发生发展的非MHC基因位点,在此基础上克隆的Pia4基因被鉴定为是中性粒细胞胞浆因子1(Ncf1)。说明该研究策略是完全可行的,并且可能发现新的功能基因或已知基因的新功能。     

多目标干扰环境中威胁目标自动跟踪方法

针对多目标干扰环境中威胁目标发现与跟踪困难的问题,研究一种基于随机有限集(RFS)的高斯混合概率密度假设(GM-PHD)滤波的算法,建立目标的随机有限集形式的运动和观测模型,利用卡尔曼滤波的预测和更新过程,对被动声呐输出的多目标方位和窄带线谱同时进行跟踪,利用所提取窄带线谱能量作为不同方位目标的输出检测量,可实现对包含线谱的窄带威胁目标的自动跟踪。试验数据的处理结果表明,所提方法可以实现在多目标的复杂情况下对感兴趣的威胁目标的自动跟踪。     

城市建筑综合体交通协调设计--以"杭州市民中心"为例

分析了城市建筑综合体交通协调设计的内容,主要包括:建筑综合体与城市整体交通协调、建筑综合体内部交通平衡与建筑综合体内部交通环境设计三部分。阐述了设计中的三个主要步骤:交通区位与性质分析、交通需求分析与预测以及交通系统设计与评价。说明了城市建筑综合体交通协调设计应用的交通需求分析、交通设计与交通系统仿真三类核心技术。最后,详细介绍了杭州市民中心交通协调设计实例。