喷水推进研究综述

该综述分三部分介绍了当今世界喷水推进技术研究的前沿情况:第一部分是喷水推进器的理论研究、试验研究和CFD的应用;第二部分涉及喷水推进装置的模拟仿真、航行试验、喷水推进器与船体的相互作用,以及喷水推进装置的总体设计;第三部分则是几种新型喷水推进器及装置的介绍.     

线路不平顺对低速磁浮车辆动态响应的影响

线路不平顺与磁浮车辆的动力学性能密切相关,良好的线路状况是车辆稳定、舒适运行的保证。参考各国高速铁路对轨道梁刚度的要求,并考虑轨道梁的动力学特性要求,给出了磁浮列车线路不平顺的具体型式及变量限值,着重分析了线路不平顺的频率对车辆垂向响应的影响。分析结果进一步验证了悬浮控制器的设计思想,即在高频时,应保证列车具有良好的平稳性,而低频时,应与轨道具有良好的跟随性。这些分析结果为以后进一步的研究奠定了基础。     

考虑矿物各向异性的地聚物/集料界面静动态交互特征模拟

地聚物作为一种低碳环保、应用潜力广阔的无机结合料，其与不同表面构造集料的界面交互作用直接影响地聚物混凝土的力学性能和耐久性。充分考虑集料矿物晶向的各向异性，采用分子动力学模拟(Molecular Dynamics， MD)从原子分子层次的作用模式和强度分析，模拟了地聚物主要水化成分N-A-S-H、C-A-S-H和集料矿物化学成分SiO₂、CaCO₃不同晶面的静态界面相互作用，并采用单轴拉伸方法从纳米尺度下讨论了不同界面交互的动态力学行为。模拟结果表明：CaCO₃各晶面表现出比SiO₂更强的表面能和表面浸润性，并与C-A-S-H、N-A-S-H的界面相互作用势和拉伸应力更强，但CaCO₃晶面各向异性明显，性能稳定性不及SiO₂。地聚物与集料矿物的相互作用势主要由静电势提供，由于矿物界面静电作用及浸润特征，交互区水分子聚集，氢键作用明显，同时水分子与Ca²⁺、Na⁺进行配位形成水合离子，有助于离子在矿物表面迁移、沉淀与成核生长，增强界面空间位阻效应。在单轴拉伸模拟中，地聚物与集料矿物界面拉伸失效机制包括2个阶段：第1阶段(0 nm＜界面位移d＜0.15 nm)主要克服界面交互的静电作用，第2阶段(0.15 nm≤d≤0.3 nm)主要克服氢键作用。MD模拟有助于从分子尺度揭示地聚物与集料界面作用机制，为进一步研究地聚物混凝土材料优化、交互界面强化及损伤等提供了新方法和理论依据。     

某平台机舱进排风口气流组织的CFD模拟

某自升式平台的机舱进、排风口位置比较接近,机舱排出的热气受大气风影响可能返回进风口,进而提高进风温度,成为一个设计隐患。文章应用CFD技术,通过模拟一定的大气环境条件下进排风口处的气流组织,找出最不利工况,并提出切实可行的改进建议。     

Development of control models for the planning of sustainable transportation systems

Planning of sustainable transportation systems requires integration of multiple systems while considering a holistic approach. A limited amount of research has been conducted that simultaneously considers all the transportation, economic activity, environmental and social effects. The proposed research envisages incorporating considerations related to sustainability and providing solutions to stakeholders in policy making. In this paper, a dynamic model for planning and development of sustainable transportation systems is presented. This is given by a system of three nonlinear differential equations representing the dynamics of the three independent states, namely, transportation, activity, and environmental systems. A policy scenario considering investment in energy efficient technologies and its effects on the states is discussed to assist making investment decisions. Optimal control techniques are used to design the controls. The results show that it is possible to formulate an optimal control to achieve the desired target. Numerical results, based on actual parameters, are presented to illustrate the long-term trends of the states. The methodology discussed in this paper will be helpful to decision makers in making optimal decisions. The contribution of this research work is the introduction of a systems and controls methodology to develop optimal policies for the design of sustainable systems.     

Hybrid analytic-FEM approach for dynamic response analysis of air-cushion vehicle skirts

Focused on the assessment method for dynamic behavior of the skirts of an air cushion vehicle (ACV), this paper proposes a hybrid analytic-FEM approach, within which the self-developed subroutine considers the transient skirt-water contacting force through suggested semi-analytical formula based on the empirical results from CFD simulations of the equivalent flat-plate model. The dynamic explicit algorithm of FEM is adopted to solve the large deformation problem of flexible skirts. The validity of the approach has been confirmed by comparing with previous numerical results as well as published experimental results of steady seal deformation tests at University of Michigan. Afterward, more simulations for demonstration cases are carried out to study the complex dynamic response of the skirts under different skirt-water contacting conditions. The proposed method can obtain more reliable results than traditional analytical method and be more efficient than fluid-structure interaction simulations, thus providing a practical balanced approach aiming at the dynamic response analysis for whole skirts and contributing to the skirts dynamics performance assessment of an ACV.     

Learning marginal-cost pricing via a trial-and-error procedure with day-to-day flow dynamics

This paper investigates the convergence of the trial-and-error procedure to achieve the system optimum by incorporating the day-to-day evolution of traffic flows. The path flows are assumed to follow an ‘excess travel cost dynamics’ and evolve from disequilibrium states to the equilibrium day by day. This implies that the observed link flow pattern during the trial-and-error procedure is in disequilibrium. By making certain assumptions on the flow evolution dynamics, we prove that the trial-and-error procedure is capable of learning the system optimum link tolls without requiring explicit knowledge of the demand functions and flow evolution mechanism. A methodology is developed for updating the toll charges and choosing the inter-trial periods to ensure convergence of the iterative approach towards the system optimum. Numerical examples are given in support of the theoretical findings.     

磁流变阻尼器用于结构减振的控制策略研究

基于Bingham恢复力模型，对磁流变阻尼器用于结构减振的控制策略进行了探讨．根据磁流变液体阻尼器连续可调的特性，建立了一种改进控制策略的数学模型，并给出了它的简化求解方法．为了验证所建议控制策略的有效性，编制计算程序对一工程实例进行了仿真．结果表明，所建议的控制策略有更好的控制效果，具有较好的稳定性．     

龈沟液中MMP-2,9的量与牙周炎的关系

目的观察慢性牙周炎患者在牙周基础治疗前后龈沟液(GCF)中基质金属蛋白酶2,9(MMP2,9)水平的变化。方法采用滤纸条的袋内取样法取40例患者40个牙位治疗前(BT组)、治疗后(AT组)的GCF样本,同时取40例健康人的40个牙位的GCF样本,用酶联免疫法(ELISA)检测其中的MMP2,9的水平。结果牙周基础治疗后GCF中MMP2,9的总量均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.01),治疗前后MMP2,9的总量均与对照组有显著差别(P<0.01),治疗前后GCF中MMP2与MMP9的含量呈显著正相关(P<0.01)。结论GCF中MMP2,9的总量在牙周基础治疗后降低,其水平反映牙周组织的破坏和炎症程度,可作为评价疗效的客观指标。     

一系纵向定位间隙对磁流变耦合轮对车辆横向动力学性能的影响

为了合理控制车辆轮对定位间隙,提高磁流变耦合轮对车辆在高速时的横向动力学性能,建立该车辆的空间动力学模型,分析了轮对纵向定位间隙对车辆临界速度和曲线通过性能的影响。得出了纵向定位间隙的增大能使磁流变耦合轮对车辆的临界速度急剧下降,轮对横移量和冲角、轮轨横向力和车体横移加速度快速增大;只有在小间隙的条件下,车辆在高速铁路上才具有较高的临界速度和较好的曲线通过性能。