舵机电液伺服系统零偏、零漂分析

电液伺服阀是电液控制系统的关键部件.通过对某舵机电液伺服系统零偏、零漂分析,给出了影响电液伺服系统零偏、零漂的主要因素.     

货车旁承间隙对车辆动力学性能的影响

对货车车体相对于摇枕的侧滚运动进行几何简化,导出上旁承下端面位于心盘旋转点之上、之下和上旁承下端面与心盘旋转点位于相同垂向位置时,旁承的垂向位移与车体重心相对于摇枕横向位移的几何关系。在车辆动力学模型中引入侧滚回复力矩和等效摩擦半径,并对心盘进行力学简化。运用多体系统分析方法对货车动力学性能进行仿真。结果表明:侧滚回复力矩可以有效抑制车体由于轨道激励而产生的相对摇枕的侧滚运动;过小或过大的旁承间隙会使车辆的动力学性能恶化。当车体重心横向偏移量小于心盘半径时,车体重力将产生阻止车体侧滚的回复力矩;反之,车体重力产生的力矩将加速车体的侧滚。过小的旁承间隙会使车体上旁承和摇枕下旁承频繁接触,对车体产生较大的冲击;而过大的旁承间隙又使旁承在侧滚回复力矩不足时不能有效抑制车体的侧滚。     

Investigation on dynamical interaction between a heavy vehicle and road pavement

This paper presents a model for three-dimensional, heavy vehicle-pavement-foundation coupled system, which is modelled as a seven-DOF vehicle moving along a simply supported double-layer rectangular thin plate on a linear viscoelastic foundation. The vertical tyre force is described by a single point-contact model, while the pavement-foundation is modelled as a double-layer plate on a linear viscoelastic foundation. Using the Galerkin method and quick direct integral method, the dynamical behaviour of the vehicle-pavement-foundation coupled system is investigated numerically and compared with that of traditional vehicle system and pavement system. The effects of coupling action on vehicle body vertical acceleration, suspension deformations, tyre forces and pavement displacements are also obtained. The investigation shows that the coupling action could not be neglected even on a smooth road surface, such as highway. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the dynamics of vehicle and pavement simultaneously based on the vehicle-pavement-foundation coupled system.     

Multiphysic modelling of railway vehicles equipped with pneumatic suspensions

This article presents a multidisciplinary approach of railway pneumatic suspension modelling: both multibody and pneumatic aspects are taken into account. The work aims at obtaining a realistic model of the secondary suspension and coupling it with a multibody model of a train. Various components of the pneumatic circuit such as bellows, tanks, pipes and valves are taken into account. The article focuses on the bellow–pipe–tank subsystem for which several modelling approaches are presented and compared. Differences between differential and algebraic models are highlighted, and an application-dependent choice between them is suggested. A complete model of the pneumatic circuit is then obtained and coupled with a multibody model of the train. As a result, the behaviour of a suburban train equipped with a pneumatic secondary suspension is analysed, in particular undesired oscillating motions which affect the comfort. Topological modifications and improvements of the suspension are also investigated and discussed.     

Large motion mountain biking dynamics

A bond graph model of a mountain bike and rider is created to develop baseline predictions for the performance of mountain bikes during large excursion maneuvers such as drops, jumps, crashes and rough terrain riding. The model assumes planar dynamics, a hard-tail (front suspension only) bicycle and a rider fixed to the bicycle. An algorithm is developed to allow tracking of a virtual tire-ground contact point for events that separate the wheels from the ground. This model would be most applicable to novice mountain bikers who maintain a nearly rigid relationship between their body and the bicycle as opposed to experienced riders who are versed in controlling the bicycle independent of the body. Simulations of a steep drop are performed for various initial conditions to qualitatively validate the predictions of the model. Results from this model are to be compared to experimental data and more complex models in later research, particularly models including a separate rider. The overarching goals of the research are to examine and understand the dynamics and control of interactions between a cyclist and mountain bike. Specific goals are to understand the improvement in performance afforded by an experienced rider, to hypothesize human control algorithms that allow riders to perform manoeuvres well and safely, to predict structural bike and body forces from these maneuvers and to quantify performance differences between hard-tail and full suspension bicycles.     

Three-dimensional analysis of transient slosh within a partly-filled tank equipped with baffles

The directional dynamic analyses of partly-filled tank vehicles have been limited to quasi-static fluid motion due to computational complexities associated with dynamic fluid slosh analyses. The dynamic fluid slosh causes significantly higher magnitudes of slosh forces and moments in the transient state that cannot be characterized through quasi-static approach, which provides reasonably good estimates of the mean responses. In this study, a three-dimensional nonlinear model of a partly-filled cylindrical tank with and without baffles is developed to investigate the significance of resulting destabilizing forces and moments caused by the transient fluid slosh, and the effects of baffles. The baffles and the end caps are modeled with curved shapes. The analyses are performed under varying magnitudes of steady lateral, longitudinal and combinations of lateral and longitudinal accelerations of the tank, and two different fill volumes using the FLUENT software. The results of the study are presented in terms of mean and peak slosh forces and moments, and variations in the mass moments of inertia of the fluid cargo within a clean bore and a baffled tank, for two different fill volumes and different magnitudes of acceleration excitations. The ratios of transient responses to the mean responses, termed as amplification factors, are further described to emphasize the significance of dynamic fluid slosh on the forces and moments induced on the vehicle. The results in general suggest that the mean responses attained from dynamic fluid slosh analyses correlate well with those attained from the quasi-static analyses for a clean bore tank. The amplification ratios of the resulting forces and moments could approach as high as 2. The results clearly show that the presence of baffles helps to suppress the peak as well as mean slosh forces and moments significantly.     

The characteristic velocity stability indicator for passenger cars

Driver assistance systems have received increased attention as market demands have pushed for improved automotive safety. These systems are designed to aid the driver by preventing any unstable or unpredictable vehicle behaviour. One global indicator for stability and driving conditions could help to manage the control algorithms and driver warning subroutines. Another problem which could be solved by a precise driving situation indicator is evaluating new vehicles during test drives. After a short introduction to a linear lateral vehicle model, an analytical approach for an online calculation of different driving conditions (i.e., stability, understeering, oversteering, and neutralsteering) is given. A characteristic velocity stability indicator is defined, which allows online computation of the present driving condition. Results are then checked against real measurements of a test vehicle.     

根据车轮抬升量评判车辆脱轨的方法与准则

分析比较了目前国际上常用的车辆脱轨评价标准的特点及其不足，指出我国现行国家标准GB5599-85评判车辆脱轨所存在的突出问题，在此基础上提出直接根据车轮抬升量评判脱轨的原理与方法，运用车辆-轨道耦合动力学理论，对单轮对爬轨脱轨和跳轨脱轨过程进行了计算仿真，得出脱轨系数超限时间与车轮抬升量之间的关系，提出最大允许超限时间为35ms的安全准则，并进行了实际线路工况下整车轮轨相互作用脱轨仿真验证，最后提出针对我国车辆脱轨评判的建议标准及其实施细则。     

土压平衡盾构机流体输送控制系统工作原理

流体输送系统用于盾构机的润滑、密封、填充以及碴土改良，是盾构机中的重要系统。本文介绍了流体输送系统的组成，并简明叙述了衬砌背后注浆控制系统、碴土改良控制系统、主轴承油脂密封润滑控制系统、盾尾密封油脂注入控制系统的工作原理。