Insights into vehicle trajectories at the handling limits: analysing open data from race car drivers

Race car drivers can offer insights into vehicle control during extreme manoeuvres; however, little data from race teams is publicly available for analysis. The Revs Program at Stanford has built a collection of vehicle dynamics data acquired from vintage race cars during live racing events with the intent of making this database publicly available for future analysis. This paper discusses the data acquisition, post-processing, and storage methods used to generate the database. An analysis of available data quantifies the repeatability of professional race car driver performance by examining the statistical dispersion of their driven paths. Certain map features, such as sections with high path curvature, consistently corresponded to local minima in path dispersion, quantifying the qualitative concept that drivers anchor their racing lines at specific locations around the track. A case study explores how two professional drivers employ distinct driving styles to achieve similar lap times, supporting the idea that driving at the limits allows a family of solutions in terms of paths and speed that can be adapted based on specific spatial, temporal, or other constraints and objectives.     

A receding horizon sliding control approach for electric powertrains with backlash and flexible half-shafts

Active control of electric powertrains is challenging, due to the fact that backlash and structural flexibility in transmission components can cause severe performance degradation or even instability of the control system. Furthermore, high impact forces in transmissions reduce driving comfort and possibly lead to damage of the mechanical elements in contact. In this paper, a nonlinear electric powertrain is modelled as a piecewise affine (PWA) system. The novel receding horizon sliding control (RHSC) idea is extended to constrained PWA systems and utilised to systematically address the active control problem for electric powertrains. Simulations are conducted in Matlab/Simulink in conjunction with the high fidelity Carsim software. RHSC shows superior jerk suppression and target wheel speed tracking performance as well as reduced computational cost over classical model predictive control (MPC). This indicates the newly proposed RHSC is an effective method to address the active control problem for electric powertrains.     

公共电动自行车系统运营模式设计模型

当前对传统公共自行车系统运营模式的研究主要是定性分析,各种方法标准不一,且研究结论与实际差别较大,不能直接用于资金、设施等要求更高的公共电动自行车系统的运营模式设计问题.因此,提出了一种定量设计模型,利用0-1混合整数规划模型对系统的经营主体进行筛选,再利用动态规划模型分配资源.利用算例进行模拟分析,结果表明:①与以资金多和收益好为优的常规的定性分析法相比,定量模型能更合理配置系统构成要素,降低政府的财政负担,分别为政府节省18.68%和23.09%的资金.②在公共电动自行车系统建设和运营过程中,宜采用政企合作模式.③相对于系统运营而言,系统建设期间对政府投入的资金反应更灵敏,因此政府有必要加大建设期的资金投入.     

Integrated evasive manoeuvre assist for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles

Development and deployment of steering based collision avoidance systems are made difficult due to the complexity of dealing with oncoming vehicles during the evasive manoeuvre. A method to mitigate the collision risk with oncoming vehicles during such manoeuvres is presented in this work. A point mass analysis of such a scenario is first done to determine the importance of speed for mitigating the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle. A characteristic parameter was identified, which correlates well with the need to increase or decrease speed, in order to reduce the collision risk. This finding was then verified in experiments using a Volvo XC90 test vehicle. A closed-loop longitudinal acceleration controller for collision mitigation with oncoming vehicles is then presented. The longitudinal control is combined with yaw stability control using control allocation to form an integrated controller. Simulations in CarMaker using a validated XC90 vehicle model and the proposed controller showed consistent reductions in the collision risk with the oncoming vehicle.     

工业气动标记控制系统的研究

从实际应用的角度对标记机控制系统的几种常见控制结构、原理和软硬件的实现方法进行了探讨,并以工控机为主控制器为例,研究了其实现的基本原理。     

一种基手双目线结构光视觉系统的简单标定方法

提出了一种基于双目线结构光主动三角法的视觉系统的简单标定方法．该视觉系统采用线结构光原理,使用双目摄像机避免了常用的单摄像机系统中容易出现的遮挡等问题．该系统的标定综合了线结构光传感器模型以及双目立体视觉模型,推导了各个标定坐标系之间的联系,依据蔡氏两步法,使用方格靶标和最小二乘法求得各种标定参数．实验结果表明,该标定方法操作简单、实用可行．     

一致拥挤快速路交通系统稳定性分析

考虑快速路一致拥挤的前提下,通过选取适当的流一密关系式,建立快速路网络流模型。并在对快速路的第一段进行适当处理和考虑匝道排队的基础上,构造一个离散的线性系统。通过对此类型的离散系统进行稳定性分析,得到稳定的充分条件和最优控制器的设计方法,仿真实例表明该方法的有效性和实用性。     

A data model applied to the knowledge-based ICAS

Image-guided computer aided surgery system (ICAS) contributes to safeness and success of surgery operations by means of displaying anatomical structures and showing correlative information to surgeons in the process of operation. Based on analysis of requirements for ICAS, a new concept of clinical knowledge-based ICAS was proposed. Designing a reasonable data structure model is essential for realizing this new concept. The traditional data structure is limited in expressing and reusing the clinical knowledge such as locating an anatomical object, topological relations of anatomical objects and correlative clinical attributes. A data structure model called mixed adjacency lists by octree-path-chain (MALOC) was outlined, which can combine patient's images with clinical knowledge, as well as efficiently locate the instrument and search the objects' information. The efficiency of data structures was analyzed and experimental results were given in comparison to other traditional data structures. The result of the nasal surgery experiment proves that MALOC is a proper model for clinical knowledge-based ICAS that has advantages in not only locating the operative instrument precisely but also proving surgeons with real-time operation-correlative information. It is shown that the clinical knowledge-based ICAS with MALOC model has advantages in terms of safety and success of surgical operations, and help in accurately locating the operative instrument and providing operation-correlative knowledge and information to surgeons in the process of operations.     

列车运行视景仿真中雨雪的模拟

在建立降雨、降雪过程数学模型的基础上,设计了实时雨雪粒子系统.介绍了该粒子系统的实现方法,包括粒子属性的定义与更新、粒子生命周期控制等.在该系统中,通过控制粒子的可视区域,模拟隧道或车站对雨雪遮挡效果.用简化的物理模型实时计算粒子的空间位置,用公告牌技术绘制粒子.实际应用结果表明,该粒子系统能够在复杂的列车运行场景中实时地模拟雨雪现象.     

开放式公路计重收费标准设计的仿真研究

结合山西省开放式公路收费的实际,确定了适应山西省开放式公路计重收费费率。通过建立开放式公路计重收费数学模型。运用Excel生成不同类型载货车的伪随机样本,设计微调器进行调整,对研究对象采用两种不同方法进行动态仿真。最终实现符合交公路发[2005]492号文件提供的计重收费指导原则的计重费率。