无线传感网TCP拥塞控制性能仿真研究

研究无线传感网在采用LEACH路由协议时标准TCP的性能情况,通过NS2仿真,验证标准TCP在无线传感网中的不适应性,探讨无线传感网中标准TCP存在的不足,提出相应的改进措施.     

考虑散货与集装箱业务的港口竞合研究

针对同时经营散货和集装箱业务的两个港口之间的竞争与合作问题,考虑港口同时竞争、单业务合作—拥堵成本分担和单业务合作—拥堵成本共担这3种合作模式,运用古诺博弈的方法,在考虑拥堵成本的情况下,对港口的产量、价格和利润进行了对比.研究表明:港口之间如果只有竞争没有合作,每个港口都在追求最大的吞吐量;在市场需求稳定的情况下港口同时决策,符合某一条件时吞吐量会增加同时价格会降低;单业务合作—拥堵成本共担比成本分担的情况吞吐量更高.     

Distance-dependent congestion pricing for downtown zones

A growing literature exploits macroscopic theories of traffic to model congestion pricing policies in downtown zones. This study introduces trip length heterogeneity into this analysis and proposes a usage-based, time-varying congestion toll that alleviates congestion while prioritizing shorter trips. Unlike conventional trip-based tolls the scheme is intended to align the fees paid by drivers with the actual congestion damage they do, and to increase the toll’s benefits as a result.The scheme is intended to maximize the number of people that finish their trips close to their desired times. The usage-based toll is compared to a traditional, trip-based toll which neglects trip length. It is found that, like trip-based tolls, properly designed usage-based tolls alleviate congestion. But they reduce schedule delay more than trip-based tolls and do so with much smaller user fees. As a result usage-based tolls leave most of those who pay with a large welfare gain. This may increase the tolls’ political acceptability.     

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确定性路段拥挤收费对收费路段的交通拥挤缓解有很好的效果,停车收费对抑制区域路网出行需求有重要影响,将两者组合起来系统研究具有重要意义. 本文通过将路段拥挤收费与停车收费进行组合,分析组合收费策略下出行成本和出行需求变化的基础上,建立了双层规划模型. 以收费社会效益最大化为目标,以拥挤收费和停车费可行区间为约束条件作为上层优化模型,下层模型是考虑广义交通出行费用(含行程费用和停车费用)的弹性需求条件下用户平衡模型,进行路段拥挤收费与停车收费组合优化. 设计了模式搜索算法进行求解,得到不同初始步长和迭代精度下模型的最优解. 数值计算结果表明,联合收费使得路网流量分布更加均衡,缓解了收费路段的交通拥挤,同时出行需求得到了一定抑制,证明该模型与算法具有有效性.     

绞吸挖泥船计算机辅助疏浚决策系统

介绍了自主开发研制的绞吸挖泥船计算机辅助疏浚决策系统的主要功能。该系统针对土质变化,运用多项高新技术,监测绞吸挖泥船的工作状态,建立施工参数与挖掘土质及产量的相互关系,通过分析、优化、辅助决策与提示,指导疏浚操作人员对疏浚参数的优化改进,从而提高绞吸挖泥船的生产效率。该系统已通过天津市科技成果鉴定和中港集团验收,并在集团多条绞吸船上推广使用,效果良好。     

城市轨道交通车站局部空间拥堵风险等级评价方法研究

合理地评估城市轨道交通车站内客流拥堵风险,对车站运营安全管理具有重要意义。基于现有的服务水平等级标准,结合密度分布、速度分布和客流流线提出拥挤区域的判别方法,引入指定密度、持续时间等时间维度的指标,提出基于时空维度的客流拥堵风险等级评价方法,通过风险概率值对车站内可能的拥挤区域进行动态识别。以广州地铁杨箕换乘枢纽站为例进行仿真建模,结果表明,优化后拥堵风险降低,服务水平提高,验证了上述方法的可靠性和实用性。     

缓解交通拥挤的多目标优化模型和算法研究

多路径选择下,机动车分布不均衡造成了交通资源利用不合理的情况.合理征收的拥挤费可以达到个人和社会总成本最优、交通分配合理的目的.使用合理的路阻函数,提出了多路径选择下个人成本总量与社会总成本最优的多目标优化模型,并给出求解方法.算例分析不同拥挤费对交通量分配的影响,结果表明,所提模型比UE模型优越,可以控制社会总成本和个人成本总量更加平衡,能够兼顾各方利益、合理确定拥挤费率.     

Dynamic change of aircraft seat condition for fast boarding

Aircraft boarding is a process mainly impacted by the boarding sequence, individual passenger behavior and the amount of hand luggage. Whereas these aspects are widely addressed in scientific research and considered in operational improvements, the influence of infrastructural changes is only focused upon in the context of future aircraft design. The paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the innovative approach of a Side-Slip Seat, which allows passengers to pass each other during boarding. The seat holds the potential to reduce the boarding time by approx. 20%, even considering operational constraints, such as passenger conformance to the proposed boarding strategy. A validated stochastic boarding model is extended to analyze the impact of the Side-Slip Seat. The implementation of such fundamental change inside the aircraft cabin demands for adapted boarding strategies, in order to cover all the benefits that accompany this new dynamic seating approach. To reasonably identify efficient strategies, an evolutionary algorithm is used to systematically optimize boarding sequences. As a result, the evolutionary algorithm depicts that operationally relevant boarding strategies implementing the Side-Slip Seat should differentiate between the left and the right side of the aisle, instead of the current operationally preferred boarding from the back to the front.