城市路网交通拥堵H-Fuzzy评判方法研究

根据城市路网交通拥堵的空间分布特点将路网交通拥堵划分为路段拥堵和交叉口拥堵,参考城市道路和交叉口服务水平的划分标准将路网交通拥堵度划分为堵塞、拥堵、较拥堵、较畅通、畅通5个等级,选取了路网交通拥堵的判定指标,运用层次分析法建立了路网交通拥堵的二级评判指标体系及相应的H-Fuzzy综合模糊评判模型,最后对一典型路网交通拥堵状况进行了判定,研究成果对于评估城市交通网络拥堵提供了一种有效的定量分析方法。     

基于VISSIM仿真的间断流设施交织区组织研究

将快速路和城市常规道路不合理衔接造成的城市道路拥堵问题作为一种典型的间断流设施交织区问题,研究其拥堵机理,提出＂以时间换空间＂的理念,采用路段信号控制方法来实现2个交通流在时间上的分离,减少交织的优化方案,最后利用VISSIM仿真软件对其效果进行验证,并找出其适用范围。     

基于道路网络交通平衡的动态拥挤收费分析

拥挤收费作为一项有效的交通需求管理手段得到许多国家及城市的重视。目前,大多数拥挤收费采取静态管理分析手段,不能真实有效的解决实际交通问题,在此提出道路网络交通平衡概念,以道路网络交通平衡为目标,提出卖时监控、及时反馈、动态实施的拥挤道路收费机制。     

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道路拥挤定价收入再分配研究是道路拥挤定价发展中迫切需要解决的实践难题和理论研究的前沿性课题. 本文综述了国内外道路拥挤定价收入再分配相关的社会福利、公众支持和收入再分配方式等方面理论研究发展历程和最新进展,并给出了我国城市道路交通推行该政策的建议. 国内外研究和实践表明,需要在优先考虑提升交通运输效率的基础上,从解决道路拥挤定价政策所产生的福利分配不公平问题和提高公共认知与支持角度出发,制定和实施合理可行的道路拥挤定价收入再分配策略和配套措施,才有助于增强道路拥挤定价政策实施的可行性和有效性,从而更好地改善道路拥挤状况,提高道路运输效率.     

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基于古诺模型假设,在高峰期乘客交通选择行为的基础上,研究公共交通系统的优化问题. 建立模型时,假设公交车辆的发车间隔时间由公交公司决定,车次总数由乘客的均衡班次选择行为所致. 弹性需求下,考虑乘客的早到成本和车内拥挤成本,在均衡班次选择行为的基础上,建立了高峰期公共交通系统的社会净收益最大化模型,得到了公交系统实现的最优运量和最佳班次数. 在古诺寡头市场条件下,以公司利润最大为目标,确定了公交系统的发车班次间隔. 研究发现,公交系统的公司数目会对系统表现造成影响,如果缺乏政府管制,可能出现恶性竞争,导致社会资源的浪费.     

移动Agent在网络信息安全中的应用研究

针对如今计算机网络面临的信息安全问题,分析了传统的解决网络安全问题的入侵检测技术、拥塞控制技术和故障管理技术的不足之处,引入移动Agent应用于这三种系统中,分析其可行性,并提出了基于移动Agent的三种系统的组成和系统结构。     

洋山港建设时期海域通道冲淤变化特征分析

洋山深水港区是由大、小洋山南、北两支岛链组成,形成东窄西宽面向杭州湾开口的喇叭状水域,文章结合洋山港建设以来现场实测水文、地形资料,分析了1998～2007年洋山海域通道内地形冲淤演变情况,将洋山港通道内地形变化特征概括为:随着边界的变化,地形冲淤调整迅速;南北格局呈现出"南淤北冲"的规律;长时间尺度来看,近期地形总体趋于相对平衡,略有冲刷;短时间上看,年内冲淤变化大。为洋山港港区进一步的规划方案论证提供基本依据。     

Using the revenues from congestion pricing

The economic theory behind congestion pricing relies on using the revenues to help compensate highway users. But can practical methods of using revenues come close to achieving this compensation, and still have salient appeal to important political groups? This paper investigates the possibilities for designing a package of revenue uses that can achieve these twin goals. The suggested approach returns two-thirds of the revenues to travelers through travel allowances and tax reductions, and uses the rest to improve transportation throughout the area, including affected business centers. By replacing regressive sales and fuel taxes, this approach offsets the tendency of the prices alone to have a regressive distributional impact. By lowering taxes, funding new highways, improving transit, and upgrading business centers, the package provides inducements for support from several key interest groups. The potential amounts of money involved are discussed using nationwide data, and in more detail using a case study of ubiquitous facility pricing throughout the Los Angeles region. Illustrative calculations of the effects on various individuals confirm that such a package can create net benefits for a wide spectrum of people and interest groups.     

高速公路交通拥挤定量的探测车法

高速公路交通拥挤定量为高速公路定量管理的关键内容之一。介绍了利用探测车方法进行交通拥挤定量,并讨论了该方法的优缺点,同时也指出了实践应用过程中的注意事项。     

Evaluation of the effectiveness of accident information on freeway changeable message signs: A comparison of empirical methodologies

In this paper, we study the effectiveness of accident messages that are displayed on freeway changeable message signs (CMS). Motivated by the lack of empirical studies and the mixed results reported in the limited empirical studies, this paper focuses on the comparison of different aggregate analysis methodologies and their corresponding results, using the same empirical data set. We have two major findings. First, we find that the CMS accident messages do not seem to have any significant immediate effect on driver diversion based on our empirical data. Visible congestion, on the other hand, seems to be an important factor for driver diversion. Second, we show how the conclusion could have been if wrong methodologies were to be adopted. Methods that rely on correlation alone but not the timing of events (what we call correlation method) yield high correlation between CMS accident messages and driver diversion, which is typically and incorrectly interpreted as CMS accident messages being effective.