道路交通拥挤事件判别准则与检测算法

针对中国城市道路中存在的交通拥挤现象,通过对城市道路路段上环形线圈采集到的交通流流量和占有率数据进行对比性分析和统计推导,从理论上论证了交通拥挤产生的原因;提出了交通拥挤现象出现与消散过程的相对增量判别准则,并利用给出的判别准则构造出相应的拥挤检测指标,给出了城市道路路段上交通拥挤的平均占有率自动检测算法;最后结合实际调查的数据,对算法的正确性进行了验证。     

关于博弈论与交通政策的探讨

针对我国城市交通紧张的现状,通过建立博弈模型,从经济学的角度指出交通拥堵的实质是“公共地问题”,探讨政府依靠政策缓解交通拥堵的本质,并在此基础上提出解决城市交通拥堵问题的措施.     

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回顾了公交收费理论的发展历程和研究前沿，分析了公交收费的实践经验，研究了我国城市公交收费中存在的问题，提出了相应的改革建议，用以有效地利用现有道路资源，最大限度地提高道路设施的通行能力，提供优质高效的公交服务.     

基于道路容量、建筑量、汽车保有量的拥堵指数敏感性分析

为研究道路容量、建筑量及汽车保有量对交通拥堵的敏感程度,提出以拥堵指数作为评价敏感程度的指标。以青岛市东岸城区为例,根据行政区划及功能布局将东岸城区划分为12个中区,依托EMME4软件平台,以土地利用资料和道路网为基础,对每个中区的道路容量、建筑量和汽车保有量的现状及发展趋势进行统计分析,得出这3个因素同拥堵指数的内在关系。分别进行单一因素及不同组合因素下不同程度的增量变化,得到不同条件下的拥堵指数变化率。结果表明,三者对道路拥堵的敏感性强弱顺序依次为：汽车增量、道路容量增量、建筑增量。采取单一措施,路网拥堵情况改善不明显,采取组合措施后的路网拥堵改善效果优于采取单一措施。因此,通过合理控制汽车和建筑规模增长,同时改善道路交通设施,增加道路容量,可以有效改善道路拥堵状况。     

盐邵线扬州段通航分析与仿真研究

盐邵线扬州段航道条件差,运行复杂,易形成航道堵塞。分析造成航道拥堵的主要原因,提出相应对策,同时,构建多节点航运调度仿真模型,引入调度准则和评判标准,模拟研究盐邵线扬州段的船舶航行情况及调度措施效果。结果表明:盐邵线扬州段为多节点航道,盐邵船闸的通过能力为制约全线通过能力的关键;造成盐邵线航道拥堵的主要原因是同向船舶追越、异向节点交会,因此应借助过闸船舶运行调度来减少航道堵塞现象的发生;通过多节点航运调度模型,可进行盐邵线航运调度模拟和优化,尽管优化方案对船舶耗费时间减少效果不明显,但可以有效降低盐邵线的拥堵风险,后者对盐邵线调度更具指导意义。     

Observed and simulated traffic impacts from the 2013 Bay Area Rapid Transit strike

Despite high costs, many cities build public transit to address regional equity, environmental and economic goals. Although public transit accounts for a minority of trips (～5%), the impact is widely felt when service is suspended during a strike through excess road demand and slower journeys. In 2013, Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) workers participated in two brief strikes, and the resulting traffic conditions illustrate the value of transit to drivers in the San Francisco Bay Area region. This paper tests the impact of rail transit service interruption on freeway traffic conditions using volumes and travel times. During the strike, regional freeway conditions showed negligible change. However, on facilities that parallel BART service, the impacts are as bad as the worst day of a typical week. Conditions on the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge showed significant impacts with travel times and volumes nearly doubling the baseline median values on the worst day.     

Tradable credits scheme and transit investment optimization for a two‐mode traffic network

This paper proposes an optimization model to minimize the “system costs” and guide travelers' behavior by exploring the optimal bus investment and tradable credits scheme design in a bimodal transportation system. Travelers' transport mode choice behavior (car or bus) and the modal equilibrium conditions between these two forms of transport are studied in the tradable credits scheme. Public transport priority is highlighted by charging car travelers credits only. The economies of scale presented by the transit system under the tradable credit scheme are analyzed by comparing the marginal cost and average cost. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the model. Furthermore, the effects of tradable credits schemes on bus investment and travelers' modal choice behavior are explored based on scenario discussions. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Surrogate‐based optimization of cordon toll levels in congested traffic networks

The benefit, in terms of social surplus, from introducing congestion charging schemes in urban networks is depending on the design of the charging scheme. The literature on optimal design of congestion pricing schemes is to a large extent based on static traffic assignment, which is known for its deficiency in correctly predict travel times in networks with severe congestion. Dynamic traffic assignment can better predict travel times in a road network, but are more computational expensive. Thus, previously developed methods for the static case cannot be applied straightforward. Surrogate‐based optimization is commonly used for optimization problems with expensive‐to‐evaluate objective functions. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of a surrogate‐based optimization method, when the number of pricing schemes, which we can afford to evaluate (because of the computational time), are limited to between 20 and 40. A static traffic assignment model of Stockholm is used for evaluating a large number of different configurations of the surrogate‐based optimization method. Final evaluation is performed with the dynamic traffic assignment tool VisumDUE, coupled with the demand model Regent, for a Stockholm network including 1240 demand zones and 17 000 links. Our results show that the surrogate‐based optimization method can indeed be used for designing a congestion charging scheme, which return a high social surplus. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于能耗测度的道路拥挤收费模型

分别建立了考虑能源消耗与拥挤收费的小汽车广义出行费用及考虑舒适性消耗的 公共汽车广义出行费用,构建了由这两种交通出行方式组成的交通系统总能源消耗函数.考虑 能耗对出行者路径选择行为的影响,建立能耗目标约束下的以出行时间最小为上层目标函数 的双层规划模型,其中上层模型以一定节能水平下的系统延误最小为目标;下层模型满足双 模式交通网络的随机用户平衡,并采用遗传算法和Frank-Wolfe 算法求解.通过算例,将道路拥 堵收费及节能目标抽象化后代入模型,探讨了道路收费前后交通能耗变化及在不同的节能目 标情况下,道路拥堵收费的节能效果.计算结果表明,在交通需求量较大时,实施道路拥挤收费 有利于减少交通能耗,当节能目标小于25%且同时采取道路收费时,路网出行时间都会相应 减少.     

基于复杂网络的城市交通拥塞因子风险传播机理及其应用研究

为了解城市交通拥塞因子风险传播特性,提升拥塞风险控制能力,依据昆明市路网拥塞实际调查数据,利用Pearson相关系数分析风险影响因子间的相关性,构建交通拥塞因子风险复杂网络.通过软件gephi0.9.2计算复杂网络各指标,验证网络的可行性和适用性.计算网络节点的相关指标进而引入网络节点重要度k的概念,据此将网络节点划分...