Accommodating risk in the valuation of expected travel time savings

Valuation of travel time savings is a critical measure in transport infrastructure appraisal, traffic modelling and network performance. It has been recognised for some time that the travel times associated with repeated trips are subject to variation, and hence there is risk embedded in the treatment of expected travel time. In the context of the expected utility framework, we use a nonlinear probability weighting function to accommodate choice made under risk. Although the empirical findings suggest small differences between the value of expected travel time savings (VETTS) in the presence and absence of risk, the mean estimate does make a noticeable difference to time benefits when applied to real projects. By incorporating nonlinear probability weighting, our model reveals that the probabilities associated with specific travel times that are shown to respondents in the choice experiment are transformed, resulting in overweighting of outcomes with low probabilities and underweighting of outcomes with high probabilities. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于破坏概率分析的滑坡稳定性评价

结合三峡库区某滑坡的治理工程,利用Slope/W软件将破坏概率分析对滑坡的稳定性进行评价。研究结果表明:基于破坏概率分析的滑坡稳定性评价,可以降低由于抗剪强度参数的随机性、测试的误差、地质体的不均匀性、外界因素变化的随机性等对于滑坡稳定性评价结果的影响,能较为客观地反映岩性的实际分布状况。相比单一稳定性系数评价滑坡稳定性的方法,将滑坡破坏概率与传统的稳定性系数相结合,可较客观地评价滑坡的实际稳定状态。分析结果表明:在滑坡含水饱和+地震条件下,该滑坡处于破坏状态。     

四回路保护阀的结构及其工作过程分析

分析了四回路保护阀的结构及工作过程,重点阐述了典型保护阀的功能、特点及在整车上的应用。     

苏通大桥斜拉桥伸缩缝位移的长期监测与分析

以苏通大桥斜拉桥347 d的伸缩缝位移为对象,研究苏通大桥斜拉桥伸缩缝服役性能评价方法.首先提出了伸缩缝位移的概率统计分析方法,在此基础上验证了伸缩缝设计性能.其次,提出了伸缩缝位移与温度的相关性分析方法,在此基础上评价了伸缩缝使用性能.分析结果表明:①苏通大桥斜拉桥的伸缩缝位移可以通过2个正态分布函数的加权和来描述其概率分布,温度年变化作用下伸缩缝的极值位移远小于伸缩缝设计位移;②苏通大桥斜拉桥伸缩缝位移与温度具有良好的线性相关性,并且苏通大桥北端的伸缩缝存在性能退化的可能,需要积累更多的数据进行分析.     

基于锥形流量延误函数的公交行程时间模型

针对交通规划软件常用的BPR公交流量延误函数在饱和度接近或大于1时,计算值与实际值相差急剧增大的不足,提出一种锥形流量延误函数,并分析了其对公交行程时间的影响,进而通过等式关系实现模型在交通仿真软件EMME/3中的实用化.相关的案例分析显示,在公交行程时间拟合方面,锥形流量延误模型较传统的BPR曲线模型误差均值降低5.57％,误差的波动降低50.60％,效果显著.     

Strength reliability analysis of stiffened cylindrical shells considering failure correlation

The stiffened cylindrical shell is commonly used for thepressure hull of submersibles and the legs of offshore platforms.There are various failure modes because of uncertainty with thestructural size and material properties, uncertainty of the calculationmodel and machining errors. Correlations among failure modesmust be considered with the structural reliability of stiffenedcylindrical shells. However, the traditional method cannot considerthe correlations effectively. The aim of this study is to present amethod of reliability analysis for stiffened cylindrical shells whichconsiders the correlations among failure modes. Firstly, the jointfailure probability calculation formula of two related failure modesis derived through use of the 2D joint probability density function.Secondly, the full probability formula of the tandem structuralsystem is given with consideration to the correlations among failuremodes. At last, the accuracy of the system reliability calculation isverified through use of the Monte Carlo simulation. Result of theanalysis shows the failure probability of stiffened cylindrical shellscan be gained through adding the failure probability of each mode.     

波导中带帽圆柱壳的声辐射快速预报(英文)

In order to predict acoustic radiation from a structure in waveguide, a method based on wave superposition is proposed, in which the free-space Green's function is used to match the strength of equivalent sources. In addition, in order to neglect the effect of sound reflection from boundaries, necessary treatment is conducted, which makes the method more efficient. Moreover, this method is combined with the sound propagation algorithms to predict the sound radiated from a cylindrical shell in waveguide. Numerical simulations show the effect of how reflections can be neglected if the distance between the structure and the boundary exceeds the maximum linear dimension of the structure. It also shows that the reflection from the bottom of the waveguide can be approximated by plane wave conditionally. The proposed method is more robust and efficient in computation, which can be used to predict the acoustic radiation in waveguide.     

基于语料库的英语近义词隐喻功能分析

文章通过对比语法结构相同的近义词(组)各自的搭配来分析它们的语义差异和隐喻功能,借助BNC和COCA两个大型语料库把对近义词的研究从单纯词汇语义扩展到语法结构和隐喻功能,保证了研究结果的精确性,并为隐喻研究提供了新的方法。     

基于响应面函数的摄动随机有限元方法研究

针对随机结构问题,根据现有方法的优缺点,将响应面法和摄动随机有限元相结合。考虑结构载荷参数、材料参数和几何参数,结构的响应面近似函数采用步进回归分析技术被确定了,其中抽样方法为中心指数法,并利用摄动法推导出结构随机响应的中心矩表达式。以燃气涡轮叶片为例,计算出叶片的随机响应变量中心矩,及响应变量相对于输入变量的灵敏度,并分别与直接响应面法、直接 Monte-Carlo 模拟方法的计算结果对比。结果表明,该方法适用于结构相对复杂的模型,计算结果精度较高,计算速度较快。     

基于时域格林函数法的船舶有航速问题数值求解

为了解决船舶以恒定速度在波浪中运动的水动力问题,文章开发了基于瞬时格林函数方法的三维时域计算程序。从数值精度和计算效率的角度出发,采用了精细时程法和一些数学上的推导计算时域格林函数的波动部分及其导数。并对Wigley型船进行了数值计算,通过水动力系数与试验数据及文献结果的比较,验证了三维时域计算程序的可靠性。