基于NEDC工况的发动机能量利用率分析方法

发动机能量利用率是一种分析和评价燃油经济性匹配水平的方法。首先计算出NEDC工况试验时为克服行驶阻力所做的功,再通过NEDC工况试验得出实际油耗,并将油耗转化为完全燃烧所释放的能量。将克服行驶阻力所做功除以完全燃烧释放的能量便是该车型NEDC工况试验时的能量利用率。能量利用率可用于判断开发车型与竞争车型经济性匹配水平的优劣,也可用于判断不同级别车型经济性匹配水平的优劣。     

多阶底部上的垂直可渗透结构斜海洋波的阻尼研究(英文)

Oblique ocean wave damping by a vertical porous structure placed on a multi-step bottom topography is studied with the help of linear water wave theory. Some portion of the oblique wave, incident on the porous structure, gets reflected by the multi-step bottom and the porous structure, and the rest propagates into the water medium following the porous structure. Two cases are considered: first a solid vertical wall placed at a finite distance from the porous structure in the water medium following the porous structure and then a special case of an unbounded water medium following the porous structure. In both cases, boundary value problems are set up in three different media, the first medium being water, the second medium being the porous structure consisting of p vertical regions-one above each step and the third medium being water again. By using the matching conditions along the virtualvertical boundaries, a system of linear equations is deduced. The behavior of the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave due to different relevant parameters are studied. Energy loss due to the propagation of oblique water wave through the porous structure is also carried out. The effects of various parameters, such as number of evanescent modes, porosity, friction factor, structure width, number of steps and angle of incidence, on the reflection coefficient and the dimensionless amplitude of the transmitted wave are studied graphically for both cases. Number of evanescent modes merely affects the scattering phenomenon. But higher values of porosity show relatively lower reflection than that for lower porosity. Oscillation in the reflection coefficient is observed for lower values of friction factor but it disappears with an increase in the value of friction factor. Amplitude of the transmitted progressive wave is independent of the porosity of the structure. But lower value of friction factor causes higher transmission. The investigation is then carried out for the second case, i.e., when the wall is absent. The significant difference between the two cases considered here is that the reflection due to a thin porous structure is very high when the solid wall exists as compared to the case when no wall is present. Energy loss due to different porosity, friction factor, structure width and angle of incidence is also examined. Validity of our model is ascertained by matching it with an available one.     

Modelling heavy vehicle car‐following behaviour in congested traffic conditions

This study develops a car‐following model in which heavy vehicle behaviour is predicted separately from passenger car. Heavy vehicles have different characteristics and manoeuvrability compared with passenger cars. These differences could create problems in freeway operations and safety under congested traffic conditions (level of service E and F) particularly when there is high proportion of heavy vehicles. With increasing numbers of heavy vehicles in the traffic stream, model estimates of the traffic flow could be degrades because existing car‐following models do not differentiate between these vehicles and passenger cars. This study highlighted some of the differences in car‐following behaviour of heavy vehicle and passenger drivers and developed a model considering heavy vehicles. In this model, the local linear model tree approach was used to incorporate human perceptual imperfections into a car‐following model. Three different real world data sets from a stretch of freeway in USA were used in this study. Two of them were used for the training and testing of the model, and one of them was used for evaluation purpose. The performance of the model was compared with a number of existing car‐following models. The results showed that the model, which considers the heavy vehicle type, could predict car‐following behaviour of drivers better than the existing models. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

黄石高速公路路面技术状况检测评价

依据公路养护规范,对黄石高速公路路面的病害进行检查,并对其综合技术状况进行评定,指出该线路面整体技术状况指数表现优良,局部路段路面病害相对较多.这可为相关方确定养护方案提供参考.     

独柱墩弯桥健康状态评估研究

基于某独柱墩弯桥健康监测系统,进行了桥梁安全状态的动、静态评定参数设置,并对动、静态评定参数进行了监测与测试。依据监测与测试参数确定了评价指标,并利用评价指标实现了桥梁健康状态的评估。     

锁口钢管桩围堰在复杂地质条件下桥梁深基坑支护中的应用

复杂水文地质情况、苛刻的施工控制（工作面、环保等）条件使得深基坑支护日益成为复杂系统工程.结合跨纳潮河大桥工程的深基坑支护,对桥梁深基坑支护中,采用锁口钢管桩围堰和型钢内支撑相结合的方法进行施工方案及效果的介绍.实践表明,在复杂地质条件下,该支护方案稳定、可靠,锁口止水性能优异,可恢复性好.     

塔寺岭至新集段大修方案研究

塔寺岭至新集段2003年竣工通车,二级公路标准。经路况调查,该路段病害较严重,路面强度等级大部分为次等,需要大中修。经论证推荐大修方案为：维持原路线的走向与线形指标;路基路面分路段采取不同的大修方案;桥涵、沿线设施进行完善维修,查缺补漏。经计算该方案造价在合理范围内。     

成型方式和养护条件对多孔改性水泥混凝土性能的影响

由于添加了水泥改性剂且空隙率大,不同成型方式和养护条件对多孔改性水泥混凝土的性能产生不同的影响。通过不同成型方式和不同养护条件对比试验,检测混凝土的空隙率、毛体积密度、抗压强度、抗弯拉强度等性能。试验结果表明,多孔改性水泥混凝土成型宜采用短时间轻振或人工插捣的方式;适宜的养护条件是早期保湿养护,而后进行自然养护。     

基于静力荷载试验的桥梁状态评估

以某新建混凝土连续梁桥为例,建立空间有限元模型,运用静力荷载试验的方法,分别对比指定断面的应力、挠度等指标的试验值与设计值,并观察是否出现裂缝以及既有裂缝的发展规律。结果表明,该新建连续梁桥满足设计要求。     

用约束力计算Levy型索穹顶初始预应力的方法

提出了一种通过约束力来计算Levy型（葵花型）索穹顶结构初始预应力的方法.选定便于分析的多余约束,用约束力代替约束,根据力的平衡,首先推导了轴对称Levy型索穹顶相邻节点间脊索与斜索共同传递的竖向力及水平力计算公式;然后给出了由竖向力和水平力计算杆件初始预应力的计算公式.初始预应力计算分为两部分：一部分对应约束力为零并承受竖向荷载;一部分对应约束力为P的自平衡预应力.自平衡预应力随约束力P成线性变化,可以通过增加约束力P对应的自平衡预应力水平提高整个索穹顶结构的初始预应力水平,达到满足各种荷载工况下的受力要求.最后,通过算例描述了方法的计算过程并验证了方法的正确性.此方法计算简单,便于结构计算和调整初始预应力值.