A planar quasi-static constraint mode tyre model

The fast-paced, iterative, vehicle design environment demands efficiency when simulating suspension loads. Towards that end, a computationally efficient, linear, planar, quasi-static tyre model is developed in this work that accurately predicts a tyre's lower frequency, reasonably large amplitude, nonlinear stiffness relationship. The axisymmetric, circumferentially isotropic, stiffness equation is discretised into segments, then parameterised by a single stiffness parameter and two shape parameters. The tyre's deformed shape is independent of the overall tyre stiffness and the forces acting on the tyre. Constraint modes capture enveloping and bridging properties and a recursive method yields the set of active constraints at the tyre–road interface. The nonlinear stiffness of a tyre is captured by enforcing unidirectional geometric boundary conditions. The model parameters are identified semi-empirically; simulated cleat test loads match experiments within 7% including nonlinear stiffness when simulating a flat plate test and a discontinuous stiffness when simulating a cleat test.     

A multi-commodity Lighthill–Whitham–Richards model of lane-changing traffic flow

Systematic lane changes can seriously deteriorate traffic safety and efficiency inside lane-drop, merge, and other bottleneck areas. In our previous studies (Jin, 2010a, Jin, 2010b), a phenomenological model of lane-changing traffic flow was proposed, calibrated, and analyzed based on a new concept of lane-changing intensity. In this study, we further consider weaving and non-weaving vehicles as two commodities and develop a multi-commodity, behavioral Lighthill–Whitham–Richards (LWR) model of lane-changing traffic flow. Based on a macroscopic model of lane-changing behaviors, we derive a fundamental diagram with parameters determined by car-following and lane-changing characteristics as well as road geometry and traffic composition. We further calibrate and validate fundamental diagrams corresponding to a triangular car-following fundamental diagram with NGSIM data. We introduce an entropy condition for the multi-commodity LWR model and solve the Riemann problem inside a homogeneous lane-changing area. From the Riemann solutions, we derive a flux function in terms of traffic demand and supply. Then we apply the model to study lane-changing traffic dynamics inside a lane-drop area and show that the smoothing effect of HOV lanes is consistent with observations in existing studies. The new theory of lane-changing traffic flow can be readily incorporated into Cell Transmission Model, and this study could lead to better strategies for mitigating bottleneck effects of lane-changing traffic flow.     

在用车的城市道路工况腐蚀行为研究

针对一款2-6年的合资车型,开展车用涂装的厚度、形貌和交流阻抗测试,研究时限、里程、部位等因素对车用涂装的腐蚀影响。结果表明:车身漆膜随使用时限延长,防腐性能降低一个数量级(108-107Ω·cm^2);底盘涂层随里程延长,衰减两个数量级(107-105Ω·cm^2);金属部件的腐蚀形式以点蚀为主,优先发生于边缘、连接和焊接位置,在3-6年内可出现大面积腐蚀,中级消声器腐蚀程度高于尾级消声器。     

船用柴油机故障诊断的综合法研究

文章针对当前船舶柴油机常用故障诊断方法的基本原理，总结了各种方法的优缺点，提出了故障诊断综合法。运用该方法对两起故障进行了分析，结果表明综合法对及时发现并排除故障是有效的，具有一定的现实意义。     

舰船装备生命力与安全状态评估体系构建研究

分析舰船装备生命力和安全性的重要意义,提出舰船安全状态评估存在的问题.重点研究综合运用信息融合和数据挖掘等现代先进的信息技术理论,以解决舰船装备安全状态评估问题,并设计完成舰船装备智能化安全状态评估平台.     

金属带式无级变速器控制任务的分解

将无级变速器的控制任务按执行顺序分解为工况识别、控制策略设计和系统执行3个层次,并将工况识别再细分为驾驶员意图识别、车辆环境识别和传动系统状态识别3类.以电液控制系统为例的分析表明,控制任务的分解,减少了需要处理的工况数量.文中提出的方法大大减少了控制系统设计的工作量,缩短了控制系统分析调试时间.     

论地主港融资策略及实现条件

加大市场融资力度是港口建设资金保证的关键。地主港模式是一种较好的融资模式。介绍了地主港的内涵,地主港融资的模式及其策略,文章指出,实施地主港融资模式要采用市场化机制、成立投资公司、引入私人资本、政策配套;目前,地主港融资在我国还面临一些障碍。     

复杂悬跨条件下的管线涡激振动分析(英文)

Spans occur when a pipeline is laid on a rough undulating seabed or when upheaval buckling occurs due to constrained thermal expansion. This not only results in static and dynamic loads on the flowline at span sections, but also generates vortex induced vibration (VIV), which can lead to fatigue issues. The phenomenon, if not predicted and controlled properly, will negatively affect pipeline integrity, leading to expensive remediation and intervention work. Span analysis can be complicated by: long span lengths, a large number of spans caused by a rough seabed, and multi-span interactions. In addition, the complexity can be more onerous and challenging when soil uncertainty, concrete degradation and unknown residual lay tension are considered in the analysis. This paper describes the latest developments and a .state-of-the-art. finite element analysis program that has been developed to simulate the span response of a flowline under complex boundary and loading conditions. Both VIV and direct wave loading are captured in the analysis and the results are sequentially used for the ultimate limit state (ULS) check and fatigue life calculation.     

铁道车辆板梁结构多方案对比分析

为合理处理铁道车辆车体上的板梁组合结构,解决车体结构分析中典型的板梁偏心连接问题,构建了偏心节点的节点位移关系式,利用APDL语言实现了批量约束方程的施加;并根据ANSYS软件中梁单元、板单元、实体单元的基本特征构造了5种板梁组合结构模型,对它们进行了有限元分析及对比.研究结果表明:对于同一典型的板梁结构,用板梁偏心组合建模(单点约束)方案得到的模型与用实体建模方案得到的模型有限元分析结果比较接近,用全板壳建模的两种方案均相对实体单元模型约束稍强,而用板梁偏心组合建模(双点约束)方案得到的模型则约束过强;同时采用板梁组合建模的模型单元数和节点数相对较少,可以节省计算机时,降低计算费用.     

内蒙古自治区沥青路面技术状况评定优化及验证

从路面损坏类型、病害分类判定、技术状况指标计算等方面入手,充分结合内蒙古自治区的气候、环境及路面特点,对内蒙古自治区沥青路面技术状况评定进行优化。结果表明:现行标准未考虑西北高寒地区裂缝的普遍性,建议降低横向裂缝、修补的破损计算权重,以缝宽5 mm作为横向裂缝轻、重的判别;现行标准未考虑内蒙古特殊的拱胀病害,建议在损坏类型中增加拱胀,并按拱胀隆起高度不同分为轻、重2个等级;针对现行标准对PQI进行加权均一化处理的不足,建议针对高速公路、一级公路PQI各指标权重系数采用浮动算法,突出路面破损的影响,避免病害平均化。