区域公共停车设施选址优化方法分析

为解决城市停车供需矛盾问题,使停车设施分布相对合理,提出最大限度地满足停车设施使用者、投资者、管理者三方效益最优的停车选址优化模型。建立综合考虑使用者的出行效益、投资者投资利润率与管理者区域服务水平的多目标约束模型,采用交叉概率和变异概率的自适应调整公式来优化基本遗传算法并求解该模型,给出模型求解过程。最后,经实例分析,得出规划区域内最优公共停车场建设个数、各停车场的具体位置以及泊位数,验证模型的有效性。     

公路隧道技术状况评价体系研究

根据公路隧道养护工作的特点,在国内外隧道评价研究的基础上,建立了具有区域特点的多层次公路隧道技术状况评价体系,将隧道土建结构、机电设施、其他工程设施和运营安全管理统一纳入到该体系中,提出了基于AHP法和Delphi法的隧道评价方法及状态划分原则,评价结果可为隧道检测、养护和维修提供科学的决策支持.     

桥头跳车原因分析、状况评定及处治技术探讨

桥头跳车是影响公路行驶安全性和舒适性的通病之一。依托高速公路桥头跳车专项处治实体工程,进行原因分析;采用沉降观测、雷达测试、取芯等手段,对桥头跳车状况进行评定;为改善桥头跳车状况,提出了基于搭板脱空补强的反开挖处治桥头跳车技术方案,并依托工程实施,研究总结了桥头跳车处治施工整套工艺,同时对处治效果跟踪监测。应用结果表明:采用反开挖法进行桥头跳车处治具有显著效果,且耐久性较好,可为类似桥头跳车处治工程提供借鉴和参考。     

长江口拦门沙河段航道回淤的水流动力环境*

对长江口拦门沙河段航道回淤的水流动力环境进行了研究,结果表明：1）长江口拦门沙河段的水流动力是引起北槽深水航道冲刷的基本动力,在长江口12.5 m深水航道贯通后,航槽内的水流冲刷能力沿程普遍增强;2）径流变化与北槽深水航道回淤无明显关系;3）在长江口拦门沙河段,水流是一种相对稳定的周期性变化动力,洪枯季无明显差别;4）天然情况下长江口拦门沙河段的河床时刻处于一种动态平衡中,决定这种平衡关系的是水流和波浪两种动力,当仅有水流动力作用时,长江口拦门沙河段的河床形态就不再处于平衡状态,主槽将往冲深方向发展。     

Development of Malaysian urban drive cycle using vehicle and engine parameters

Vehicles travelling in actual urban areas are mostly in idle, low or medium speeds, which reflects engine part-load condition. These regularly visited engine conditions, in reality affect the fuel economy during actual driving. Thus, understanding the characteristics of the actual driving conditions will enable many other benefits besides legislation. This paper presents the development of a preliminary Malaysian urban drive cycle with the inclusion of the engine parameters and characteristics, acquired through an actual urban driving on numerous urban roads in Malaysia that represents the actual consumer’s daily driving experience. The actual engine parameters and its characteristics are integrated into the assessment measures in an attempt to formulate representable drive cycle and fuel consumption data. The initial drive cycle is composed of 17 sequences selected from the actual on-the-road conditions to represent the Malaysian urban driving. The average fuel economy of the established Malaysian urban drive cycle was then measured on a test bench using the same engine from the vehicle. The recorded fuel economy with Malaysian urban drive cycle is 8.5% below the actual Malaysian urban driving which is closer estimation to the actual driving compared to the current in-practice NEDC which shows to be 43.1% below the actual Malaysian urban driving. Thus, Malaysian urban drive cycle is better in representing the Malaysian urban driving conditions compared to the NEDC in terms of the average fuel economy measurements.     

Constraint Mapping as a Means of Further Refining Saltmarsh Re-Creation Opportunities for the UK Solent Region

Based on geomorphological criteria, the Coastal Habitat Management Plan (CHaMP) for the Solent identified some 4,800 hectares of land potentially suitable for the creation of intertidal habitat, principally saltmarsh, through the use of managed realignment. Using “constraint mapping,” this study set out to illustrate that limitations to habitat re-creation through inundation are not merely geomorphological in nature. Indeed, a broad range of social, political, legal, technical, and economic constraints exist and must be evaluated in conjunction with physical parameters if the objectives of the European Birds and Habitats Directives are to be met, and so that future coastal defense policies ensure maintenance of the “favorable conservation status” of designated sites. A numerical filter system has been used to re-evaluate individual sites to establish “realistic” opportunities for compensatory saltmarsh creation in the Solent. As a result of taking into account wider socioeconomic constraints, it is clear that fewer areas are available for habitat creation purposes than were initially identified in the Solent CHaMP study.     

基于列车运动约束的惯导误差抑制研究

为提高基于GNSS/SINS的列车定位精度,在隧道、路堑等卫星定位不可用区域实现列车的无缝定位,在研究SINS误差模型的基础上,通过引入车辆运动约束条件,在列车低动态运行的情况下,对MIMU输出进行机动判别,推导了捷联惯导的误差模型,进而对水平姿态进行修正,抑制MEMS系统的误差发散,从而保证在单纯依靠惯导定位情况下的稳定可用。通过仿真和实测结果表明,该方法能够有效抑制SINS误差,为列车提供姿态参考。     

电动物流车蓄电池支架优化设计

创建组合工况,采用加速度加载的仿真方法,基于变密度法和“包裹面”方案对电动物流车蓄电池支架进行结构拓扑优化,并通过尺寸优化对支架进行轻量化设计,得到符合性能和轻量化要求的结构设计方案。仿真结果表明,优化后的蓄电池支架整体刚度提高了10.5%,总质量降低了29.2%.     

新水沙条件下长江下游东北水道航道演变趋势分析

针对三峡水库蓄水后新水沙条件对东北水道航道条件的影响问题,进行了东北水道航道演变趋势研究。采用动床模型试验研究的方法,得到了三峡水库蓄水后典型年和系列年试验水沙条件下东北水道水位、流速、流态、地形冲淤及航道条件变化趋势。分析结果表明:在无工程情况下,三峡水库蓄水运用后,由于来沙量的减小,东北水道航道条件出现不利变化趋势;方案实施后,可以遏制水道的不利变化趋势,维持当前较好的滩槽格局和航道条件,对工程河段沿程水位、流速分布以及近岸流速等因素的影响较小,能够为航道尺度的进一步提升奠定基础。     

原油转拨船的稳性问题与对策研究

为了保证转拨船在输油作业等工况下的稳性与安全,通过设计原油转拨船与原油轮连接、解脱,传输等作业工况,得到各种作业工况下的装载参数,然后验证转拨船作业等工况下的稳性。本文通过介绍转拨船的船型特点和稳性技术要求,重点研究转拨船的稳性计算难点,提高转拨船复原力臂曲线和破舱稳性的措施和方法。通过设计转拨船的典型装载工况,利用NAPA软件模拟装载工况,实现稳性校核结果。这为后续的转拨船总布置设计和稳性研究提供了重要的设计参考依据。