需求变动下高铁快运货流分配与组织模式优化

基于高铁快运一地集货和多点发运的开行特点，综合考虑我国未来快递市场的需求变动，提出高铁快运常态化和规模化成网运营后的货流分配与组织模式优化方法，以客运动车组捎带运输货物、预留车厢和高铁快运专列模式下，各OD对间的高铁快运运量为主要决策变量，以总运输成本极小化为目标，构建货流分配混合整数规划模型，计算货流量在高铁快运网络中的分布，得到货流OD运输路线与各高铁快运通道运营组织模式的组合优化方案。通过高铁快运货流OD “三阶段”预测方法，预测城市间的高铁快运需求量作为货流输入，以9个国内快递业务中心城市组成的网络为案例，由Python语言调用Gurobi优化软件求解案例，验证所建模型的有效性。案例结果表明：在运量低谷期使用捎带和预留模式可满足90.7%的运输需求；在运量高峰期部分线路需开行高铁快运专列；运营组织模式可根据OD对间货流量与网络容量的适应性关系进行调整，以充分利用高铁闲置运力，提升运营效益。     

面向调移车辆数优化的摘挂列车调车作业计划编制方法

调车作业计划是规定车辆如何调移及其作业程序的具体行动计划。提出了在调车钩数最优前提下以减少调移车辆数为目标的摘挂列车调车作业计划编制方法,构建了摘挂列车调车作业计划编制0-1线性优化模型,并设计了基于消逆规则的启发式分支定界算法对模型进行求解。算例表明,所提出的方法能够求解出调车钩数不劣于统筹对口法且调移车辆数更少的调车作业计划,在给出的算例中总调移车辆数减少了约20%。所提出的方法能够对调移车辆数进行优化,对调车作业计划编制质量的进一步提高、调车过程能耗降低等方面有积极意义。     

基于广义费用函数的城际铁路分时定价策略研究

随着我国城市群的发展,区域内部各城市之间的客流需求不断增长,城际铁路作为城市间出行的主要方式,客流在高峰、低谷时段具有明显的不均衡性。为了更加平稳有序地提供高质量服务,充分发挥票价调节供需匹配关系的作用,对城际铁路分时定价策略进行研究,构建不同时刻、不同运输方式的旅客出行广义费用函数,建立双层规划模型,优化不同时段城际铁路票价,并结合Frank-Wolfe算法和带有惯性权重的粒子群算法,求解双层规划模型。最后,以京津城际铁路为例,验证了分时定价策略可以使客流分布更加均衡,并提高铁路运输部门收益。     

A multiobjective land development optimization model: the case of New Castle County,Delaware

This paper develops a multiobjective optimization model to consider transportation impacts of the future development of land. The output of the model is the best location and type of land use that has minimal negative transportation effects and uses the maximum available public transportation infrastructure. It provides tools for both planners and transportation engineers and enables them to consider different scenarios of possible policies and land development. Since multiple objectives and their nonlinear structures are considered, the model is solved using mixed integer nonlinear programming. The final results are shown in both tabular and graphical format. The effectiveness of the model is applied to the northern part of New Castle County, Delaware. The results show that the model successfully finds the best locations for both residential and commercial land uses in order to meet several criteria discussed in the paper.     

需求响应的集装箱班列时刻表优化及 Benders分解算法

充分考虑集装箱货物与集装箱班列在时间和数量方面的匹配关系，以集装箱货物送达目的站的总延误最小为目标，构建集装箱班列时刻表优化的线性混合整数规划模型.采 用Benders分解算法将原问题分解为确定集装箱货物与班列匹配方案的主问题，以及优化班列时刻表的子问题，通过求解子问题的对偶模型不断产生主问题的割平面.为克服割平面有效性较低的缺点，设计改进策略，使每次迭代产生多个割平面同时添加至主问题中.最后，通过算例验证模型和算法的有效性.结果表明：改进策略的运用有效提高了算法的计算效率，利用模型及算法得到的班列时刻表与集装箱货物的数量、时间分布之间具有较好的匹配性，制定的班列时刻表很好地响应了用户需求.     

Compromising system and user interests in shelter location and evacuation planning

Traffic management during an evacuation and the decision of where to locate the shelters are of critical importance to the performance of an evacuation plan. From the evacuation management authority’s point of view, the desirable goal is to minimize the total evacuation time by computing a system optimum (SO). However, evacuees may not be willing to take long routes enforced on them by a SO solution; but they may consent to taking routes with lengths not longer than the shortest path to the nearest shelter site by more than a tolerable factor. We develop a model that optimally locates shelters and assigns evacuees to the nearest shelter sites by assigning them to shortest paths, shortest and nearest with a given degree of tolerance, so that the total evacuation time is minimized. As the travel time on a road segment is often modeled as a nonlinear function of the flow on the segment, the resulting model is a nonlinear mixed integer programming model. We develop a solution method that can handle practical size problems using second order cone programming techniques. Using our model, we investigate the importance of the number and locations of shelter sites and the trade-off between efficiency and fairness.     

一类大规模运输网络多阶段随机规划配流模型

利用随机规划理论，分析大规模运输网络的基本特性及优化，是近几年交通运输领域发展起来的一种新的研究方向，已广泛地应用于交通运输管理的各个部门。本文在分析了一类大规模运输网络在市场经济模式下的基本特性的基础上，提出了一类适用范围更广、更复杂的多阶段和广义多阶段随机规划配流模型。     

A Novel Evolutionary Feedforward Neural Network with Artificial Immunology

A hybrid algorithm to design the multi-layer feedforward neural network was proposed. Evolutionary programming is used to design the network that makes the training process tending to global optima. Artificial im-munology combined with simulated annealing algorithm is used to specify the initial weight vectors, therefore im-proves the probabiligy of training algorithm to converge to global optima. The applications of the neural network in the modulation-style recognition of analog modulated rader signals demonstrate the good performance of the network.     

面向对象有限元程序的数据设计

面向对象语言丰富的数据类型及类的继承性为有限元方法提供了更高的数据安全性和设计灵活性，同时也带来了一些传统的面向过程程序设计方法所没有的问题。本文用封装在类里的数据代替Ｆｏｒｔｒａｎ有限元程序中的公用区变量以降低耦合性；用静态变量定义类对象的共同属性以减少冗余性；用单元对象的链表结构取代单元文件以提高单元管理的效率和灵活性。对面向对象有限元程序设计所涉及的数据设计和维护的其它方面也进行了讨论。     

基于可持续发展的城市交通网络定量设计研究

基于可持续发展思想，提出可持续发展的城市交通网络宏观优化模型，对网络设计中的路段变量进行宏观控制具有一定的指导意义。