跨座式单轨固定铸钢支座接触应力研究

为了研究跨座式单轨固定铸钢支座铰轴与摆孔之间的接触应力,应用Hertz接触理论,分析影响铸钢支座接触应力的主要因素。采用有限元数值模拟的方法,借助ABAQUS有限元分析软件,建立固定支座的三维有限元模型,通过计算得到固定支座的接触应力。对支座进行静力荷载试验,对比试验结果与有限元计算结果,验证有限元分析结果的可靠性。最后借助有限元分析手段,计算铰轴直径变化对接触应力的影响。结果表明,固定支座在设计静力荷载作用下的接触应力满足要求,并且铰轴材料具有较大的强度富余;铰轴直径的尺寸会影响支座接触应力的大小,且存在最优铰轴直径使支座接触应力最小,可以为铸钢支座结构的设计与优化提供指导。     

电动汽车电池冷板微小通道结构优化研究

为对车用电池微小通道冷板结构进行优化,探究冷板流道中流场和温度场的相互作用机理,本文中首先采用正交试验得到了冷板整体的最优布局。使用面向中心的中心复合设计响应面法(FCCCD)研究发现,当波纹通道振幅为1 mm、周期数为4时,波纹通道的综合热力水力性能达到最大,相对平直通道的增幅为17.4%。CFD分析表明,场协同角和通道努塞尔数一致的变化规律证明了场协同理论可以用于解释微小通道内的强化换热。波纹通道曲率的存在导致的流道内的对流混乱大大增强了流体的混合,并破坏了剪切层。该剪切层在流道内分离了主体流和再循环流,因而导致了传热的增强。     

基于技术创新理论的维修创新

现今维修创新的困难在于创新理论过于依赖从业者个体悟性,可操作性、可培训性不强,使得常人不易获得成功.针对维修创新的困难,介绍技术创新理论,该理论源自对百万记的专利文献的收集整理、归纳提炼,否定了发明创新是灵感爆发和千百次失败的结果,发现了开发创新的町循规律.并结合维修实例说明如何使得普通维修从业人员能够创新工作.     

疲劳裂纹扩展模型中表征裂纹闭合水平参数的确定

借助7075-T 6铝合金、6013铝合金以及0.45w t%碳钢的疲劳试验数据,结合上述材料的力学性能参数,通过非线性最小平方拟合方法,研究了表征裂纹闭合水平参数k对疲劳裂纹扩展率的影响。研究结果表明,对于宏观裂纹范围内的疲劳裂纹扩展,参数k只要大于某个值就对疲劳裂纹扩展率无影响;而对于小裂纹阶段的疲劳裂纹扩展,参数k对疲劳裂纹扩展率的影响较明显,因此参数k的大小主要取决于小裂纹扩展数据。依据0.45w t%碳钢疲劳试验数据,相应参数k的建议值为6 000m-1。     

《船舶原理》课程信息化教学设计的探讨

本文通过阐述信息化教学的理论基础、设计原则和教学步骤等问题，针对《船舶原理》课程，对其进行信息化教学初步设计，为该课程能够适应现代教学要求，提高船舶教育水平提供了思路和途径。     

基于灰色理论的大跨径连续梁桥施工控制技术研究

在预应力连续梁桥施工过程中影响最终成桥状态因素众多,为保证成桥状态符合设计要求,通过Midas/civil 2019建立平面杆系模型,分析某大跨径连续梁桥施工过程中挠度变化及受力状况,并在此基础上,通过灰色理论GM(1,1)模型对桥梁挠度变化进行预测。结果表明挠度预测值、实测值及理论计算值变化趋势一致,灰色理论预测可以有效减小误差,同时主墩截面实际受力与理论计算保持一定的规律性且误差较小。     

From behavioral psychology to acceleration modeling: Calibration,validation, and exploration of drivers’ cognitive and safety parameters in a risk-taking environment

We investigate a utility-based approach for driver car-following behavioral modeling while analyzing different aspects of the model characteristics especially in terms of capturing different fundamental diagram regions and safety proxy indices. The adopted model came from an elementary thought where drivers associate subjective utilities for accelerations (i.e. gain in travel times) and subjective dis-utilities for decelerations (i.e. loss in travel time) with a perceived probability of being involved in rear-end collision crashes. Following the testing of the model general structure, the authors translate the corresponding behavioral psychology theory – prospect theory – into an efficient microscopic traffic modeling with more elaborate stochastic characteristics considered in a risk-taking environment.After model formulation, we explore different model disaggregate and aggregate characteristics making sure that fidelity is kept in terms of equilibrium properties. Significant effort is then dedicated to calibrating and validating the model using microscopic trajectory data. A modified genetic algorithm is adopted for this purpose while focusing on capturing inter-driver heterogeneity for each of the parameters. Using the calibration exercise as a starting point, simulation sensitivity analysis is performed to reproduce different fundamental diagram regions and to explore rear-end collisions related properties. In terms of fundamental diagram regions, the model in hand is able to capture traffic breakdowns and different instabilities in the congested region represented by flow-density data points scattering. In terms of incident related measures, the effect of heterogeneity in both psychological factors and execution/perception errors on the accidents number and their distribution is studied. Through sensitivity analysis, correlations between the crash-penalty, the negative coefficient associated with losses in speed, the positive coefficient associated with gains in speed, the driver’s uncertainty, the anticipation time and the reaction time are retrieved. The formulated model offers a better understanding of driving behavior, particularly under extreme/incident conditions.     

黏性场地列车荷载影响下衬砌半渗透边界盾构隧道诱发地表固结沉降解

列车荷载作用下衬砌长期渗漏会显著影响软土盾构隧道周围土体的固结沉降，对邻近环境和地铁的安全运营造成不良影响。针对盾构隧道周围土体固结沉降的既有理论研究一般多考虑衬砌不透水条件，较少考虑衬砌渗漏水及列车荷载耦合作用对于地层固结沉降的影响。引入隧道衬砌半渗透边界和列车三角形循环时效荷载，基于Terzaghi-Rendulic固结理论，采用Boltzmann三元件模型模拟土体流变效应，推导了列车荷载作用下黏弹性地层盾构隧道渗漏水诱发的土体超孔隙水压力消散和地表固结沉降的复变函数解析表达式，并与6个工程实测数据进行对比，验证了所给出解析解的正确性与适用性。此外，通过参数分析讨论了衬砌-土体渗透比和列车荷载参数对土体固结沉降的影响。结果表明：衬砌-土体渗透比是影响盾构扰动地层固结快慢的主要影响因素，衬砌-土体渗透比越大，固结完成时间越早；列车荷载作用下，早期固结沉降速率相较于不考虑列车荷载时会有较明显的增加，但在列车荷载当量增加后，固结沉降速率的增长有所放缓，且其增量与衬砌-土体渗透比密切相关，衬砌-土体渗透比越大，沉降增加量则越大；隧道衬砌可以视为扰动地层的排水边界，其加速了土体固结沉降，而列车荷载与衬砌半渗透性耦合，进一步改变了土体固结沉降形态。