铁道客车系统的垂向减振分析

建立铁道客车垂向振动系统数学模型,计算客车系统幅频特性曲线,根据曲线峰点来确定系统自振频率,给出客车系统自振频率计算的简单近似解析方法和精确数值方法。提出客车系统各刚体振型共振速度的概念和计算公式,得出共振速度只与系统本身的自振频率和结构参数如车辆定距和转向架固定轴距有关。对客车系统在有无动力吸振器情况下的简谐和随机振动进行分析,认为采用吸振器确实能够在一定程度上抑制车体某些频率成分的振动,适当增大吸振器质量、刚度和阻尼,可以达到较好的减振效果。     

基于刚度退化的框-剪结构受力性能研究

根据模型试验数据确定各变形阶段框架与剪力墙的实际刚度,针对4种典型工况,分别采用框架与剪力墙刚度退化系数计算刚度退化后的各楼层刚度,再沿结构高度方向加权平均得到结构真实刚度。基于协同工作原理提出一种考虑结构刚度退化计算框-剪结构的适用方法,通过算例分析了结构的受力性能。研究结果表明:考虑结构刚度退化后,结构自振周期增加,刚度减少,侧移增大,总框架承担总剪力的比例增加,《规范》对框架承担剪力的调整是有必要的。     

列车振动对地铁重叠隧道结构力学行为的影响

以深圳地铁3号线红岭中路站~东门中路站两个盾构区间小净距空间重叠隧道段为背景,采用有限元数值模拟研究手段,对小净距空间重叠隧道运营过程中上洞列车通过时,上、下两洞结构的力学行为进行数值模拟研究,得出了由于上洞列车振动引起下洞各点附加加速度变化的最大值位于下洞拱顶内侧以及引起地层附加位移较大区域的分布范围等结论,直接指导设计。     

An analysis of the determinants of children’s weekend physical activity participation

This paper examines the out-of-home, weekend, time-use patterns of children aged 5–17 years, with a specific emphasis on their physical activity participation. The impact of several types of factors, including individual and household demographics, neighborhood demographics, built environment characteristics, and activity day variables, on physical activity participation is analyzed using a joint nested multiple discrete–continuous extreme value-binary choice model. The sample for analysis is drawn from the 2000 San Francisco Bay Area Travel Survey. The model developed in the paper can be used to assess the impacts of changing demographics and built environment characteristics on children’s physical activity levels.     

The use of gait parameters to evaluate pedestrian behavior at scramble phase signalized intersections

Pedestrian scramble phasing is usually implemented to reduce pedestrian‐vehicle conflicts and therefore increase the safety of the intersection. However, to adequately determine the benefits of scramble phasing, it is necessary to understand how pedestrians react to such an unconventional design. This study investigates changes in pedestrian crossing behavior following the implementation of a scramble phase by examining the spatiotemporal gait parameters (step length and step frequency). This detailed microscopic‐level analysis provides insight into changes in pedestrian walking mechanisms as well as the effect of various pedestrian and intersection characteristics. The study uses video data collected at a scramble phase signalized intersection in Oakland, California. Gait parameters were found to be influenced by pedestrian gender, age, group size, crosswalk length, and pedestrian signal indications. Both average step length and walking speed were significantly higher for diagonally crossing pedestrians compared with pedestrians crossing on the conventional crosswalks. Pedestrians were found to have the tendency to increase their step length more than their step frequency to increase walking speed. It was also found that, compared with men, women generally increase their walking speed by increasing their step frequency more than step length. However, when in non‐compliance with signal indications, women increase their walking speed by increasing their step length more than step frequency. It was also found that older pedestrians do not significantly change their walking behavior when in non‐compliance with signal indications. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Climate change behaviors related to purchase and use of personal cars: Development and validation of eco-socially conscious consumer behavior scale

A constantly changing environment and global warming are issues that are recognized at all global forums. One of the major reasons for global warming is the emission of greenhouse gasses which is primarily caused by use of personal cars as means of transport. This study reports on the development of an eco-socially conscious consumer behavior (ESCCB) scale specific to purchase and use of personal cars, based on samples of actual automobile customers in Pakistan. Using mixed method approaches, the results of 3 studies yield a 9-item three-dimensional scale (eco-social conservation, eco-social use, and eco-social purchase) with satisfactory reliability, construct validity and nomological validity. Second-order factor analysis revealed that eco-social purchase was the most important dimension, followed by eco-conservation and eco-social use. A test of nomological behavior shows that the scale is positively associated with a related construct: environmental concern. This study advances the literature on pro-environmental behaviors by introducing a conceptual definition of ESCCB related to personal car purchase and use, developing a measure for the ESCCB concept and validating the scale in the context of an emerging economy, Pakistan. The scale provides important insights for marketers in the automobile industry for remodelling marketing plans, as well as for environmentalists focusing on strategies to bring change in consumer behavior.     

Comparing travel mode and trip chain choices between holidays and weekdays

Choices of travel mode and trip chain as well as their interplays have long drawn the interests of researchers. However, few studies have examined the differences in the travel behaviors between holidays and weekdays. This paper compares the choice of travel mode and trip chain between holidays and weekdays tours using travel survey data from Beijing, China. Nested Logit (NL) models with alternative nesting structures are estimated to analyze the decision process of travelers. Results show that there are at least three differences between commuting-based tours on weekdays and non-commuting tours on holidays. First, the decision structures in weekday and holiday tours are opposite. In weekday tours people prefer to decide on trip chain pattern prior to choosing travel mode, whereas in holiday tours travel mode is chosen first. Second, holiday tours show stronger dependency on cars than weekday tours. Third, travelers on holidays are more sensitive to changes in tour time than to the changes in tour cost, while commuters on weekdays are more sensitive to tour cost. Findings are helpful for improving travel activity modeling and designing differential transportation system management strategies for weekdays and holidays.     

中子倍增公式在连续提棒事故瞬态特性模拟中的应用

通过中子倍增公式建立模型,分别计算船用核动力反应堆在低功率和高功率运行时发生连续提棒事故后的各主要参数的变化,并将计算结果与三维实时仿真软件计算结果进行比较。结果表明,计算结果与三维实时仿真软件计算结果比较符合,可为事故的处置提供依据。     

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对北京市信号交叉口的自行车和行人在混合交通流中的微观行为进行研究分析。研究中使用视频采集技术和数据分析技术来收集和分析自行车和行人在交叉口的行为。论文的主要研究结果是信号交叉口字自行车和行人的各种微观行为特征和基础行为模型， 这些结果有助于理解信号交叉口混合交通流的行为，并为城市混合交通流的微观交通模拟模型提供基础数据和理论依据。     

Incorporating human-factors in car-following models: A review of recent developments and research needs

Over the past decades there has been a considerable development in the modeling of car-following (CF) behavior as a result of research undertaken by both traffic engineers and traffic psychologists. While traffic engineers seek to understand the behavior of a traffic stream, traffic psychologists seek to describe the human abilities and errors involved in the driving process. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these two research streams.It is necessary to consider human-factors in CF modeling for a more realistic representation of CF behavior in complex driving situations (for example, in traffic breakdowns, crash-prone situations, and adverse weather conditions) to improve traffic safety and to better understand widely-reported puzzling traffic flow phenomena, such as capacity drop, stop-and-go oscillations, and traffic hysteresis. While there are some excellent reviews of CF models available in the literature, none of these specifically focuses on the human factors in these models.This paper addresses this gap by reviewing the available literature with a specific focus on the latest advances in car-following models from both the engineering and human behavior points of view. In so doing, it analyses the benefits and limitations of various models and highlights future research needs in the area.