Ecophysiological growth characteristics and modeling of the onset of the spring bloom in the Baltic Sea

The onset of spring bloom in temperate areas is a transition period where the low productive, winter phytoplankton community is transformed into a high productive spring community. Downwelling irradiance, mixing depth and the ability of the phytoplankton community to utilize the light, are key parameters determining the timing of the onset of the spring bloom. Knowing these parameters would thus provide tools for modeling the spring bloom and enhance our knowledge of ecophysiological processes during this period.Our main objective with this study was to provide data for the growth characteristics of some key species forming the spring bloom in the Gulf of Finland, and to apply those results in a simple dynamic model for the onset of the spring bloom, in order to test if the timing of the spring bloom predicted by the models corresponds to field observations. We investigated the photosynthetic characteristics of three diatoms and two dinoflagellates (Chaetoceros wighamii, Melosira arctica, Thalassiosira baltica, Scrippsiella hangoei and Woloszynskia halophila), at low temperatures (4–5 °C). All of these species are common during spring bloom in the Baltic Sea.Cultures of these species were acclimated to different irradiance regimes prior to measurements of photosynthesis, respiration, pigment concentration and light absorption. We did not find a positive relationship between respiration and growth rate, and we hypothesize that this relationship, which is well established at higher temperatures, is negligible or absent at low temperatures (< 10 °C). Photosynthetic maximum (P_m), and maximum light utilization coefficient (α) was lowest and respiration (R) highest in the dinoflagellates.We made a model of the onset of the spring bloom in the western part of Gulf of Finland, using the obtained data together with monitoring data of mixing depth and water transparency from this area. Model results were compared to field observations of chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration. There was a good agreement between the model predictions and the observed onset of the spring bloom for the diatoms. S. hangoei, however, was not able to reach positive production in the model, and W. halophila had the similar growth characteristics as S. hangoei. Consequently, these species must have other competition strategies enabling them to exist and grow during spring bloom.     

关于码头超能力靠泊问题的分析

文中通过对我国沿海港口建设和生产发展状况进行分析，指出了产生码头超能力靠泊的原因，并深入讨论了码头超能力靠泊的危害，最后，从提高码头生产效率、遵守限定条件靠泊核准的新船型等方面提出了解决码头超能力靠泊的方法。     

Airport and airlines competition: Incentives for vertical collusion

This paper develops a model of airport and airline competition in a three-stage game. We analyse incentives for vertical collusion between one airport and one airline that compete with another airport and another airline, by means of static and dynamic games. We find that incentives for collusion exist when airports and airlines have different market sizes and, under certain conditions, also when secondary airports and low cost airlines compete with main airports and full service airlines.     

高速铁路和民航运输的现状与发展—— “交通7+1论坛”第四十一次会议纪实

自高速铁路开通以来,关于高速铁路与民航运输的相互影响与协调,就一直是 交通运输领域的热点问题之一.论坛以“高速铁路和民航运输的现状与发展”作为主题,关 注在综合运输的背景下,高速铁路与民航运输二者之间竞争与协调的关系.认为在一定范 围内,高速铁路和航空运输具有相互替代关系,高速铁路和航空运输是相互竞争的运输 方式;另一方面,高速铁路的发展也有利于航空旅客通过铁路向大型枢纽机场聚集,通过 建设大型综合交通枢纽,形成共存互补的市场关系,使出行活动更活跃.     

基于学科竞赛的自动化设计类课程群建设

高校应用型人才培养是当前高等教育的组成形式之一,该文以自动化专业为例,通过一系列的具体课程教学实施逐步探索依托学科竞赛的创新人才培养模式,以学科竞赛为辅助,教学改革为主体,根据自动化专业人才培养的需求,从内容、结构和逻辑关系上分析不同课程间的关联性,优化设计类课程的课程体系,整合教学内容和教学方法,创新教学模式,从而不...     

浅谈技能大赛促进汽车专业教学改革和人才培养成效的探究

2020年12月,一场旨在发挥职业技能竞赛在促进技能人才培养、推动职业技能培训和弘扬工匠精神重要作用的中华人民共和国第一届职业技能大赛在广州举行.这场比赛是自新中国成立以来,举办的规格最高、项目最多、规模最大的全国性、综合性职业技能赛事.再次把职教界一直关注的以赛促教,以赛促学,赛教融合,互相促教理念以及促进汽车专...     

技能大赛视野下中职学校汽车专业核心课程教学改革与实践——以《电控发动机检修》课程为例

长期以来,中职学校汽车专业对于技能比赛存在着重成绩、轻转化的现象,导致只有少部分教师和学生受益,这与技能大赛以赛促学、以赛促教、以赛促改的理念相背.本文以《电控发动机检修》课程为例,阐述了中职学校汽车专业基于技能大赛开展专业核心课程教学改革策略与实践成效,以期为中职学校汽车专业核心课程教学改革提供有益借鉴.     

区域综合客运通道多方式竞争力博弈模型

为了研究综合客运通道内多方式价格竞争对市场分担率与利润的影响, 基于非集计NL模型与博弈理论, 构建了各客运方式市场分担率与运输价格关系的双矩阵博弈模型。以成渝通道为基础, 研究了高速铁路和高速公路大巴2种典型运输方式不同情景下的市场竞争均衡价格与分担率的变化特征。分析结果表明: 在采用双矩阵博弈模型所计算的均衡价格条件下, 高速铁路和高速公路大巴平均市场分担率分别增加了56.15%和80.58%, 有利于发挥二者的规模效益; 当出行模式结构相同时, 时间价值的变化会影响运营利润和市场分担率, 随着时间价值系数的增大, 高速铁路的平均运营利润增加34.60%, 平均市场分担率增加9.98%, 同时高速公路大巴平均运营利润减少29.70%, 平均市场分担率减少3.49%;对于出行时间处于劣势的高速公路大巴, 适当降低票价有利于增加营运利润; 该博弈模型的计算结果符合区域综合运输通道客运市场实际变化规律, 高速铁路和高速公路大巴不可能通过无限制降价的方式来追求最大利润, 运营利润都呈现先增后减的趋势, 在某个价格下运营利润最大; 该博弈模型具有价格均衡解, 在外界情况变化时, 通过博弈高速铁路和高速公路大巴价格可以达到利润最优状态。     

Economic analysis of ride-sourcing markets

Ride-sourcing refers to an emerging urban mobility service that private car owners drive their own vehicles to provide for-hire rides. This paper analyzes the ride-sourcing market using an aggregate model where the matchings between customers and drivers are captured by an exogenous matching function. It is found that without any regulatory intervention a monopoly ride-sourcing platform will maximize the joint profit with its drivers. On the other hand, the first-best solution is not sustainable when the matching function exhibits increasing returns to scale and the cost function of the platform is subject to economies of scale. Regardless of the examined market scenarios, the average waiting time of customers is proportional to the average searching time of drivers. We establish conditions for regulators to solely regulate the commission charged by the platform to guarantee the second-best. We further investigate the competition of ride-sourcing platforms and find that competition does not necessarily lower the price level or improve social welfare. In the latter case, regulators may rather encourage the merger of the platforms and regulate them directly as a monopolist.     

企业文化建设如何迎接国际化竞争的挑战

从企业文化的内涵入手,结合部分企业成功的经验,对现代企业如何加强企业文化建设,提高企业的核心竞争力,更好的迎接国际化竞争提出了建议和对策。