打破"诸侯经济"创双赢

上海建设国际航运中心,确定了洋山深水港的建设项目,由此带来了上海港和宁波港激烈的货源之争,而更大的竞争压力来自釜山等东北亚大型港口。面对这样的形势,上海、宁波两港应积极合作,一致对外,争取早日把上海港建成国际航运中心,同时使宁波港得到迅速发展。当“错位发展”的合作形式遇到困难时,以资本为纽带的“港口联盟”可能会是一种好的合作形式。     

油船市场现状与策略

分析了油船市场的现状,明确指出国有油船运输缺口很大。认为目前我国已具备了发展油船船队的实力,提出了应采取的竞争策略,以适应国家经济建设和参与国际化市场竞争的需要。     

科技型企业实施对外开放战略的几点思考

全球化的加速发展使我国科技型企业实施对外开放战略面临更多的机遇和挑战。现着重从"引进来"和"走出去"两方面,探讨科技型企业的对外开放战略。在参与国际合作和竞争中,科技型企业应立足自主创新,完善制度保障,增强自身实力,并着眼互利共赢,在利用外资和对外投资的实践中拓宽发展空间。     

关于成本管理成为公司核心竞争力的几点思考

该文强调加强建设工程成本管理,是公司打造其核心竞争力的途径之一。文章主要结合企业绩效管理发展理论,对成本管理成为公司核心竞争力提出了几点思考。     

成都铁路局“白货”运输市场现状与竞争力提升对策分析

在分析国内及两省一市铁路、公路、水路货运市场现状及发展情况的基础上,对＂白货＂产品运输特点及铁路运输在运价、物流服务、运输能力等方面存在的问题进行分析,提出了深入开展货运组织改革,加强货运设施建设、增强物流服务功能、提高运输质量、优化运价机制、开发优质货运新产品、加强货运市场调查以及与社会物流企业的合作等建议,以进一步增强铁路竞争力,提高＂白货＂运量和市场占有份额。     

运政管理应对运输市场竞争策略初探

文章根据我国道路运输市场的形成和发展实际,从运输市场竞争的正负面影响和利弊角度思考,对运政管理应对越来越激烈的运输市场竞争作初步的探讨,提出相关应对策略和措施。这对新形势下激发大家自觉维护正常的道路运输市场秩序、共同遏制过度竞争造成的负面影响有着重要的意义和促进作用。     

Relationships Between US Consumer Expenditures on Communications and Transportation Using Almost Ideal Demand System Modeling: 1984–2002

Abstract

This study analyzes aggregate consumer expenditure data from the US between 1984 and 2002, to determine relationships between expenditures on transportation and communications. We first identified 15 categories of goods – nine for transportation, five for communications, and one for all others – and obtained prices for each category across time. Then, we applied the linear approximate almost ideal demand system (AIDS) method for estimating consumer demand functions, aggregating the categories to six (non-personal vehicle (PV), PV capital, PV operation, electronic communications media, print communications media, and all others) due to the small sample size. The results indicate that transportation and communications categories have both substitution and complementarity relationships. The existence of effects in both directions (substitution and complementarity) is testimony to the complexity of the relationships involved, with both generation and replacement possible and happening simultaneously. In addition, expenditures in the transportation categories are generally more income-elastic and price-elastic than those in communications, indicating that communications expenditures are more essential than those for travel. The transportation categories have both substitution and complementarity relationships with each other, while the two communications categories have a substitution relationship.     

A Review of Ex-Post Evidence for Mode Substitution and Induced Demand Following the Introduction of High-Speed Rail

ABSTRACT

To date, relatively little is known about the nature of the demand for high-speed rail (HSR) soon after inauguration of the services, despite close to 50-year experience of HSR operation and 17 166?km of HSR network around the world. This is a real lacuna given the scale of HSR construction around the world, the amount of resources committed to it, the desired accessibility, economic and environmental effects associated with HSR development and the relatively poor track record of forecasting demand for HSR services. Focusing on mode substitution and induced demand effects, this review aims to fill the gap in knowledge about the ex-post demand for HSR services in order to facilitate a learning process for the planning of the future HSR network. Although there is not much evidence on the demand for HSR services and existing evidence is largely influenced by route-specific characteristics, a methodological limitation that must be acknowledged, the evidence presented allows a better characterisation of HSR as a mode of transport. The review shows that the demand for HSR a few years after inauguration is about 10–20% induced demand and the rest is attributed to mode substitution. In terms of mode substitution, in most cases the majority of HSR passengers have used the conventional rail before. Substitution from aircraft, car and coach is generally more modest.     

A behavioral analysis of freight mode choice decisions

This paper develops a behavioral analysis of freight mode choice decisions that could provide a basis for an acceptable analytical tool for policy assessment. The paper specifically examines the way that truck and rail compete for commodity movement in the US. Two binary mode choice models are introduced in which some shipment-specific variables (e.g. distance, weight and value) and mode-specific variables (e.g. haul time and cost) are found to be determinants. The specifications of the non-selected choice are imputed in a machine learning module. Shipping cost is found to be a central factor for rail shipments, while road shipments are found to be more sensitive to haul time. Sensitivity of mode choice decisions is further analyzed under different fuel price fluctuation scenarios. A low level of mode choice sensitivity is found with respect to fuel price, such that even a 50% increase in fuel cost does not cause a significant modal shift between truck and rail.     

航空公司动态价格竞争复杂性与延迟反馈控制

为深入研究航空公司动态价格竞争的复杂性及延迟反馈控制方法的有效性, 综合运用有限理性决策理论与非线性动力学理论,构建航空公司动态价格竞争博弈模 型,分析航空公司复杂的动力学行为,研究针对系统变量、系统参数的两类延迟反馈控制 方法的有效性与差异性.研究结果表明,航空公司价格调整速度对模型的复杂性有显著影 响;选取合适的控制因子,两类延迟反馈控制方法都能对陷入混沌的动态价格竞争模型 实施有效地混沌控制;两类延迟反馈控制方法在控制因子取值范围、收敛速度等方面存 有显著差异;控制因子取值对系统的收敛速度呈规律性影响趋势.