An optical tire contact pressure test bench

An optical tire contact pressure test bench developed by the IMMa group is described. The measurement system is based on the frustration of total internal reflection (FTIR) of light. The test bench allows performing normal pressure distribution and patch contact shape measurements on passenger car tires. The system is based on the use of a laterally illuminated glass on which the tire leans. Between them a plastic interphase is located that will cause the FTIR of light. A video camera catches the formed shining image through the glass. The brightness level in each pixel of the image can be related to the existing normal pressure. The study of the contact patch provided by the bench makes it possible to characterize tire behaviour under different loading states, inflation pressure, tire defects and toe and camber angles. The bench incorporates a computerized load and control system of the tire operation parameters, an image acquisition module and a data acquisition system that allow monitoring and acting on the experimental variables of interest in the tests such as load on the tire and environmental conditions. A supporting mechanical system incorporated to the bench allows providing the tire with variable toe and camber angles. From the images obtained with this system, the maximum normal pressure points, total force, size and shape of the patch can be determined, which are related to the tire-use conditions. As an application example, results that show the patch size and shape under different load and tire inflation pressures are presented. A further application, which is the use of the system for the detection and study of defective tires is also presented.     

接触氧化设备处理小水量生活污水的动力学分析

介绍了采用一种全新织物填料的接触氧化设备处理小水量生活污水的工艺流程及原理,在分析归纳试验数据的基础上,确定了在试验条件下该设备处理小水量生活污水的COD降解动力学模型参数,为放大设计提供参考。     

单片机技术在智能交流接触器实时调控中的应用研究

通过对智能交流接触器零电流分断控制原理的分析,发现其零电流分断失败的原因,并在此基础上提出将单片机实时控制系统嵌入传统接触器中,实现零电流分断的智能“无弧”接触器。     

接触线风偏计算需注意的几个问题

本文从张力差、最大设计风速、当量系数、跨距内最大风偏位置距悬挂点的距离及对减小风偏有效的接触线张力等方面阐述了计算接触线风偏时需注意的几个问题。     

轮轨外形及接触问题的进一步研究

介绍了新近研制的轮轨踏面外形设计和分析软件系统WDesign的原理、功能和应用例子。主要功能包括采用接触角函数法CAF的踏面外形设计、条状法STRIP的轮轨接触应力分析、圆弧曲线拟合法计算接触点的曲率、任意离散点法的轮轨几何匹配分析等。     

遂渝铁路综合试验段接触网系统分析

本文通过对遂渝铁路的项目背景、设计条件的介绍,对电气化区段线路上采用的不同的接触网悬挂方式、不同的接触网零件以及不同悬挂方式情况下的安装图示,进行了分析、计算和试验对比,肯定了接触网设计要综合德国、日本、中国的标准,并在设计中灵活运用的方法,提出了今后在进行高速铁路建设中电气化设计应该注意的问题,为我国在发展山区高速电气化铁路且装载双层集装箱货物列车的设计积累了经验并通过遂渝线的试验结果说明了立足自我,学习、引进国外先进技术、设备和材料的路子是正确的。     

基于IC卡技术的高安全性门禁系统

研究并设计了一种可联机使用也可单独使用的高安全性的无线IC卡读写模块，它以AT89C51单片机为微控制器，以MFRCS00芯片为IC卡读写器，构建了一个使用简单的IC卡读写系统。该系统基于MFRC500芯片构成读写模块，并对微控制器与读写芯片的通信方式作了详细介绍。该系统的最大特点在于其通信过程中使用高安全性的数据加密算法。     

基于改进的神经网络的船舶碰撞危险度的模型

针对船舶碰撞危险度具有模糊性、不确定性等特点,依据模糊理论方法建立的船舶碰撞危险度的数学模型,直接采用来船航速、来船航向、来船对本船的相对舷角和来船对本船距离作为神经网络的输入,采用Levenberg-Mrquardt优化算法这种改进的BP神经网络进行训练和仿真,并与标准BP算法和动量BP算法进行比较,发现经过改进的网络求得碰撞危险度比标准BP算法和动量BP算法具有更好的效果,网络能够更有效收敛,大大提高了网络的收敛速度和泛化能力。     

Influence of Governance Context on the Management Performance of Marine Protected Area Networks

In the Philippines, networks of marine protected areas (MPAs) are more complex than individual MPAs, primarily due to involvement of multiple governance units. Hence, there is a need to understand the influence of governance context of networks on management performance. We addressed this need indirectly by evaluating the participation of network members and the governance capacity of three MPA networks with varying sizes, histories, and compositions of local governments and constituencies. We defined participation as the involvement of local governments and other stakeholders in decision-making processes. We defined governance capacity as the ability to govern interactions of social, economic, and political processes and dynamics in a political unit. We used qualitative, semi-structured key informant interviews and focus group discussions to ascertain whether participation and governance capacity are influenced by network size, institutional arrangements, and social and political contexts. We found that the sizes of the MPA networks did not affect participation and governance capacity. Instead, participation and capacity were influenced by institutional arrangements and the socioeconomic and political contexts of the local governments involved. We found that less complicated network objectives and systems for engagement, more inclusive membership, better communication, incentive systems, and strong leadership enhanced participation and governance capacity.     

城市轨道交通线路钢轨全寿命养护策略研究

随着城市轨道交通列车速度、密度和重量的增加,滚动接触疲劳伤损和磨耗伤损问题已经严重影响钢轨的使用寿命.在分析钢轨主要伤损成因的基础上,对钢轨伤损的检测、寿命管理、控制和减缓等方面进行了分析.提出了钢轨全寿命养护策略理念,并讨论了轮轨关系、周期性的钢轨预防性整形作业、钢轨润滑和整形的关系等关键因素.合理的钢轨全寿命养护策略,可以有效地延长钢轨寿命,节约养护成本,改善对环境的影响.