六潜高速公路双河大桥箱梁预制冬季施工方案

阐述了双河大桥箱梁预制冬季施工方案,并进行了简要计算.     

三阳隧道特大涌水病害综合治理措施

简要介绍了泉三高速公路三阳隧道涌水情况,分析了隧道涌水的原因,提出隧道涌水应采用"堵排结合,以堵为主"的治理措施.     

基于本体的城市轨道交通线网应急预案形式化描述与匹配

本体预案是描述网络领域概念语意模型的重要手段,其目标是捕获线网领域的知识,确定线网领域内共同认可的词汇。以ABC(前因—行为—后果)本体为原语本体,在城市轨道交通线网领域进行词汇扩充,建立了城市轨道交通线网应急领域本体模型,并使用OWL本体描述语言和RDF(资源描述框架)对线网应急预案进行形式化描述,最后讨论了线网应急预案的匹配、查找与实例化方法。     

色散方程两层稳定的偏心隐格式

利用组合差商法对色散方程ut=auxxx的初边值问题,构造了两组带参数两层四点偏心隐式差分格式PL2,PR2,其截断误差为ο(τ h2),稳定性随参数变化而变化。特殊的,若令某个节点前的系数为0,则得到二阶的半显格式。最后的数例既验证了理论分析的正确性,也说明了特取参数可以增强格式应用的灵活性。     

长株潭公交一体化站点设置方案研究

公交一体化是解决城市群之间交通的必然趋势,但由于其范围广泛、部门多,在方案设计、实施等方面存在一定的困难,文章在基于问卷调查的基础上,对长株潭的公交一体化方案中站点设置方案进行了分析、研究。     

Part I: Externalities and economic policies in road transport

Road transport imposes negative externalities on society. These externalities include environmental and road damage, accidents, congestion, and oil dependence. The cost of these externalities to society is in general not reflected in the current market prices in the road transport sector.An efficient mobility model for the future must take into account the true costs of transport and its regulatory framework will need to create incentives for people to make sustainable transport choices. This paper discusses the use of economic instruments to correct road transport externalities, but gives relatively more weight to the problem of carbon emissions from road transport, as this is particularly challenging, given its global and long-term nature.Economics offers two types of instruments for addressing the problem of transport externalities: command-and-control and incentive-based policies.Command-and-control policies are government regulations which force consumers and producers to change their behaviour. They are the most widely used policy instruments. Examples include vehicle emission and fuel standards in the US as well as driving or parking restrictions in Singapore. The implementation cost of these instruments to the government is small. Although from an economic perspective these policies often fail to achieve an efficient market outcome, the presence of political constraints often make them the preferred option, in terms of feasibility and effectiveness.Economic theory shows how policies, which affect consumption and production incentives, can be used to achieve the optimal outcome in the presence of externalities. Incentive-based policies function within a new or an altered market. We first examine incentive-based policies, which cap the aggregate amount of the externality, such as carbon emissions, by allocating permits or rights to the emitters. The emitters are then free to trade their permits amongst them. The permit allocation mechanism is important-although market efficiency would be satisfied by an auction, political influences usually favour a proportional allocation based on historic emissions. We discuss EU ETS as an example of a cap-and-trade system, however, no such policy for CO₂ emissions in road transport has been implemented anywhere in the world to date.Fiscal instruments are, like command-and-control, widely used in road transport, because they are relatively cheap and simple to implement. They include the use of taxes and charges in order to bridge the gap between private and the social costs and, in principle, can lead to an efficient market solution. Registration, ownership, fuel, emissions, usage taxes, and parking and congestion charges have been implemented in many countries around the world. On the other side of the spectrum, subsidies can be given to those scrapping old cars and buying fuel-efficient vehicles. Some cities, such as London, have implemented congestion charges and many states in the United States have introduced high occupancy lanes. Other interesting possibilities include pay-as-you-drive insurance and other usage charges. However, the size and scope of taxes and subsidies are determined by governments, and because of their imperfect knowledge of the market the outcome is still likely to be inefficient.Governments have many effective economic instruments to create a sustainable road transport model. These instruments can be used separately or together, but their implementation will be necessary in the nearest future.     

公轨两用过江通道桥隧方案比选

分析了某规划为轨道交通与城市快速路公轨两用过江通道的建设规模和地质条件,重点调查了岩溶发育及特征,提出了具备一定可行性的桥梁和隧道方案。通过对规划用地、交通功能、地质条件适应性、运营安全、经济性,以及对水保区、通航、行洪的影响等方面的比选,最终认为位于岩溶发育区、紧邻一级水源保护区的过江通道采用隧道方案有较高的工程风险和社会风险,而桥梁方案建设费用低,能够满足通航和行洪要求,且设计理论完善,施工经验成熟,对地质条件的适应性较强,具有较高的工程可行性。因此,工程可行性阶段推荐采用公轨两用的桥梁方案。     

基于 FAHP 的高速公路预防性养护方案比选

预防性养护是一种改善路面使用性能、延长路面使用寿命、降低全周期养护成本的有效养护措施。预防性养护方案的选择要同时考虑道路管理者的需求和方案的应用效果,具有较大的不确定性。为了科学地选取高速公路预养护方案,基于模糊层次分析法,考虑技术效果、施工可操作性和经济性3个方面的9个因素,以上海两条高速公路工程为依托开展案例分析,为同类型预防性养护方案比选提供参考。     

考虑海上意外时间和合作协议的班轮运输船期设计鲁棒优化

针对考虑海上意外时间的集装箱班轮运输船期设计问题，依据海上意外时间经验数据，设 置航行缓冲时间比例系数。运用连续最优控制原理，求解各航段船舶航行时间细分区间上燃油 消耗最小的优化航速。结合多时间窗、多起讫时刻和多挂靠港口装卸效率合作协议，以班轮运输 服务总成本最小为目标，构建班轮运输船期设计非线性混合整数规划鲁棒优化模型，设计分段离 散化线性逼近算法求解模型。以AWE1(远东-美东1)航线为例，运用100个场景的数值进行模拟 验证。结果显示：与不考虑海上意外时间或无合作协议相比，考虑海上意外时间和合作协议的班 轮运输船期设计分别降低班轮运输服务总成本14.65%和3.54%。研究表明，在恶劣天气和海况 对船舶航行影响较大的航线上或季节里，基于合作协议，设计考虑航行意外时间的鲁棒性船期， 可实现船公司、港口和客户三方共赢。     

基于CAN总线的汽车事件数据记录系统开发方案研究

汽车事件数据记录系统为重组交通事故现场提供了全面客观的数据,在国际上受到越来越多的关注,国内也开始编制相关系统的法规。本文结合国内法规要求,提供4种基于CAN总线的汽车事件数据记录系统开发方案,适用于不同的电子电气架构设计。