A closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles with active trailer steering systems

This paper presents a closed-loop dynamic simulation-based design method for articulated heavy vehicles (AHVs) with active trailer steering (ATS) systems. AHVs have poor manoeuvrability at low speeds and exhibit low lateral stability at high speeds. From the design point of view, there exists a trade-off relationship between AHVs’ manoeuvrability and stability. For example, fewer articulation points and longer wheelbases will improve high-speed lateral stability, but they will degrade low-speed manoeuvrability. To tackle this conflicting design problem, a systematic method is proposed for the design of AHVs with ATS systems. In order to evaluate vehicle performance measures under a well-defined testing manoeuvre, a driver model is introduced and it ‘drivers’ the vehicle model to follow a prescribed route at a given speed. Considering the interactions between the mechanical trailer and the ATS system, the proposed design method simultaneously optimises the active design variables of the controllers and passive design variables of the trailer in a single design loop (SDL). Through the design optimisation of an ATS system for an AHV with a truck and a drawbar trailer combination, this SDL method is compared against a published two design loop method. The benchmark investigation shows that the former can determine better trade-off design solutions than those derived by the latter. This SDL method provides an effective approach to automatically implement the design synthesis of AHVs with ATS systems.     

地铁车辆牵引拉杆装置稳定性问题研究

受压牵引拉杆在极限承载下因忽然弯曲导致结构失稳破坏,从而影响转向架系统的运行安全性。文章从理论与工程相结合的角度剖析了杆件结构失稳的力学原理,提出了改善杆件结构稳定性的基本思路和可行措施,并在此基础上,对某型牵引拉杆装置进行优化设计。分析与实验表明,在工程可能的极限载荷下,牵引拉杆装置可有效确保稳定性,并利用有限元技术成功预测出牵引拉杆装置的失稳临界载荷。这为设计分析类似牵引拉杆装置提供了一种的思路。     

Simulation study on the operating characteristics of a hybrid hydraulic passenger car with a power split transmission

In this paper, a hybrid hydraulic passenger car (HHPC) coupled with a power split continuously variable transmission (P-CVT) is proposed. This P-CVT is capable of splitting the power from the internal combustion engine into mechanical and hydraulic power flows. By adjusting the ratio of the mechanical power to hydraulic power, the P-CVT enables the transmission ratio to be changed continuously. Meanwhile, the P-CVT system can capture the braking energy and store it in the hydraulic accumulator for the next assistant driving. In order to quantitatively investigate the effect of applying P-CVT on improving the fuel economy and operating performance for the HHPC, a numerical simulation is conducted under typical city driving conditions. The simulation results demonstrate that, the P-CVT permits the engine to be run under a more efficient operating range. The total fuel consumption of the HHPC is reduced by 16.4% under the test conditions, compared with that of the original car.     

考虑前后多车的网联自动驾驶车辆混流跟驰模型

随着中国新基建战略的提出及自动驾驶和网联通信技术的不断发展，网联自动驾驶车辆（CAV）、自动驾驶车辆（AV）和常规人驾车辆混行的交通流将在未来长时间存在。建立适用于网联自动驾驶车辆、自动驾驶车辆和常规人驾车辆3种类型车辆的混流跟驰模型，考虑多前后车车头间距、多前车速度差、加速度差、与主体车辆的相对距离等因素，并进行典型场景的数值仿真。刹车和起步过程的3种混流数值仿真结果显示，模型在几种典型混行场景下均具有可行性，车辆的加速度和速度变化更为平缓。不同CAV比例下的数值仿真结果显示，车队中CAV比例越高，车队整体恢复至平稳状态的时间越短，波动幅度越小。CAV均质流数值仿真结果表明，与MHVAD模型相比，该模型不稳定区域减小33.8%，所控制的车队速度波动幅度减小14%。CAV与AV混流的数值仿真结果显示，与PATH实验室模型相比，由该模型控制的车队加速度进入相对稳定状态提前5.5 s。该模型可用于不同车辆均质流及3种车辆混行的队列控制，在目前开展混行实车试验困难的情况下，也可应用该模型进行混行跟驰仿真，从而为混行交通流的道路交通管理及基础设施布设提供理论依据和模型支持。     

GPS-based optimization of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles’ power demands in a cold weather city

Using the WPG03 duty cycle developed from global positioning data collected in Winnipeg, Canada, real world energy demands and costs are modeled. Three types of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, four temperatures and two charging scenarios are compared to a vehicle with an internal combustion engine. Cold temperatures are shown to greatly affect vehicle operation energy costs, which is an important consideration for cold weather cities such as Winnipeg. The largest energy cost savings are obtained for smaller-battery plug-in hybrids that had the opportunity to charge during the day.     

基于多属性决策运输车编配方案研究

在信息化战争中,后勤运输保障举足轻重。根据部队运输需求,制定出科学合理的运输车编配结构对于提高部队公路运输保障能力具有重要的指导意义。分析了我军运输车编配存在的问题,介绍了基于最大离差化的多属性决策模型,为运输车编配方案评价提供了一种合理的研究方法。并以某摩步师直属汽车营为例,对运输车的备选方案进行了排序和选优,得到了...     

单车道农村公路错车道设置方法研究

错车道设置是否合理将直接影响车辆的顺畅运行,进而影响道路交通安全状况。本文从交通安全的角度出发,分析了农村公路上交通运行情况,研究了农村公路单车道错车道的设置条件、设置间距、几何尺寸及其与交叉口的距离问题。同时给出了错车道设置间距、几何尺寸等的推荐值,以便为单车道农村公路错车道的设置提供指导。     

液压机械无级传动系统综合控制策略研究

拟合出了发动机稳态输出转矩模型和燃油消耗率模型,给出了发动机最佳动力性和最佳燃油经济性的目标速比。在此基础上建立了液压机械无级变速传动系统和发动机的综合控制方案,给出了相应的油门-速比综合控制策略框图。最后应用Matlab/Simulink软件建立系统仿真模型对其进行仿真分析,仿真结果表明:所设计的综合控制策略能够实现最佳动力性和最佳燃油经济性控制。     

弹性通舱管件设计研究

为减少振动能量沿管路的传播,设计了海水管路和一般管路的弹性通舱管件.对这两型弹性通舱管件制订了技术参数,进行了多种方案对比分析后,各确定了两种方案.然后根据实船使用状况对这两型方案采用有限元法进行了静力分析、密性分析和隔振性能分析,还进行了疲劳试验.结果表明:对于通舱管件,在过流件和安装件之间嵌入减振橡胶这样一种设计形式,有效地降低了管路系统振动噪声由通舱管件向舱壁和船体的传递;并能在保障该产品功能和安全性的同时,满足所确定的各项性能参数和声隐身性能等技术要求.该弹性通舱管件可靠性高、减振性能好,并且满足上船安装和使用的相关要求.     

网联环境下混合交通流偶发拥堵演化机理研究

针对混合交通流中智能网联车辆(Connected and Autonomous Vehicles, CAVs)和人工驾驶车辆的交织干涉问题,本文在传统交通流统计理论模型和一阶连续介质模型的基础上,通过引入智能驾驶员跟驰模型(Intelligent driver model, IDM)和协同自适应巡航控制模型(Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control, CACC),构建人工驾驶车辆和CAVs的混合交通流偶发拥堵演化模型,探索CAVs混入和诱导干涉措施对混合交通流偶发性拥堵传播规律的影响。实验选取重庆市华陶立交至巴南立交路段为路网原型,对CAVs不同渗透率( Pc )下的路段拥堵演化情况进行仿真。实验结果表明：CAVs渗透率越高,混合流流量、占有率和速度的改善情况越显著,但只有当 Pc ≥ 0.2 时,网联车辆对拥堵消散的改善效果才较为明显;Pc ≤ 0.8 时,干涉措施下,拥堵消散状态的持续时间约为不采用干涉措施的 50%;当 Pc = 1.0 时,网联车辆的通行能力是纯人工驾驶交通流的2.34倍;分别在非干涉措施和干涉措施下计算拥堵评价指标,与仿真结果进行对比,最大相对误差在5.38%之内,验证了模型的准确性。研究成果对疏散交通拥堵具有重要意义。