Experimental validation of connected automated vehicle design among human-driven vehicles

In this paper, we present results regarding the experimental validation of connected automated vehicle design. In order for a connected automated vehicle to integrate well with human-dominated traffic, we propose a class of connected cruise control algorithms with feedback structure originated from human driving behavior. We test the connected cruise controllers using real vehicles under several driving scenarios while utilizing beyond-line-of-sight motion information obtained from neighboring human-driven vehicles via vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication. We experimentally show that the design is robust against variations in human behavior as well as changes in the topology of the communication network. We demonstrate that both safety and energy efficiency can be significantly improved for the connected automated vehicle as well as for the neighboring human-driven vehicles and that the connected automated vehicle may bring additional societal benefits by mitigating traffic waves.     

Integrating multi-stage data envelopment analysis and a fuzzy analytical hierarchical process to evaluate the efficiency of major global liner shipping companies

In this study, we establish a multi-stage data envelopment analysis model to evaluate the efficiency of global liner shipping companies (LSCs). Because conventional solution procedures cannot guarantee the uniqueness of solutions, in this study, we specifically devise a new two-phase algorithm to overcome this problem. The first phase ranks the priority of all stages by applying fuzzy analytical hierarchical process. The second phase then solves the efficiency score for each stage according to its priority. We established and empirically tested a three-stage research model based on data collected from the Containerization International Year Book, the Alphaliner website and annual LSC reports for the year 2012. The results show that the proposed algorithm not only determines unique solutions for the efficiency scores but also determines the priority order of the stages involved in this process. Taking advantage of the proposed model and algorithm, LSCs can effectively locate bottlenecks in their production processes and further improve them by adjusting the values of the corresponding input and output variables. In addition, the priority order of the stages obtained from the empirical study can also help LSCs allocate their resources.     

Evaluating efficiency in the Norwegian bus industry using data envelopment analysis

This paper focuses on the performance of Norwegian bus companies subsidized by the government. The performance is evaluated from a productive efficiency point of view. The framework is that of a deterministic non-parametric Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) approach to efficiency measurement. In this context several important issues are addressed: efficiency rankings, distribution and scale properties in the bus industry, potentials for efficiency improvements in the sector, the impact of ownership, area of operation and scope, and ways of improving efficiency in the sector. The findings show that the average bus company exhibits increasing return to scale in production of its services. The extent of such returns however vary, with size and is more prevalent among smaller companies. The average bus company is found to have a considerable input saving potential of about 28 percent. Neither economies of scope nor company ownership are found to have an influence on company performance. It is suggested that geographical factors need a closer attention in future research. The implications of DEA results are discussed and concluding remarks offered.     

Optimal transport strategies for European cities

A new procedure for generating optimal transport strategies has been applied in nine European cities. A public sector objective function which reflects concerns over efficiency, environmental impact, finance and sustainability is specified and a set of policy measures with acceptable ranges on each, identified. Optimal strategies based on combinations of these policy measures which generate the optimal value of the objective function, are identified, and compared between cities. Resulting policy recommendations are presented. The results demonstrate the importance of an integrated approach to transport strategy formulation. They emphasise the role of changes in public transport service levels and of fares, and of charges for car use. By contrast, new infrastructure projects are less frequently justified. In the majority of cities the revenues from car use charges are sufficient to finance other elements in the strategy. However, private sector involvement either in initial financing or in operation may be desirable. Revised objective functions to reflect private sector involvement are specified, and optimal strategies with private sector operation of public transport are also identified. The requirement to meet private sector rates of return for public transport operation typically results in lower frequencies and higher fares; charges for car use then need to be raised to satisfy public policy objectives, but system performance is reduced. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

140 kW高性能集成式电驱动产品开发

自主研发的140 kW高性能汽车电驱动系统,实现多项技术突破,包括突破高集成度低成本电驱动产品设计、高性能电机和逆变器产品设计、高逆变效率和整车抖动抑制电机控制、高安全、高可靠、高鲁棒性电驱动产品设计、自动化标定和测试系列集群技术创新.实现电机比功率为4.1 kW/kg,逆变器功率密度为35 kW/L,三合一电驱动系统...     

中国船舶工业技术效率分析

利用数据包络分析方法,对2002年~2004年各地区船舶生产技术效率及其变动进行了实证分析。得出的结论主要有:历年来河北、辽宁、上海及贵州等地区均表现出了较高的技术效率,同时绝大部分地区船舶生产处于规模报酬递增的阶段;船舶生产规模和其技术效率之间存在正的相关关系;若干地区存在船台及船坞等资本的过度供给。     

开关线性复合电源探讨

介绍了一类由开关放大电路与线性放大电路复合而成的电压跟随器型电源,分析其构成原理,拓扑结构.理论分析、仿真和实验结果表明它具有高效与优波兼顾的特性,以及适应多类负载(含非线性负载)和抗负载扰动的能力.     

尿素喷嘴对SCR系统喷射雾化影响仿真研究

为了提高尿素选择性催化还原技术(selective catalytic reduction,SCR)系统对柴油机尾气中的氮氧化物(NOx)的转化效率,通过使用软件模拟仿真改变尿素水溶液喷嘴的安装位置、数量、安装方向的方法,研究尿素喷嘴参数对系统性能的影响。结果表明:随着喷嘴和尾气进口之间距离的增大,NH3的均匀性系数和平均质量分数均逐渐地减小;随着喷嘴数目的增加、喷射方向与尾气流动方向夹角的增加,载体前端NH3分布均匀性均呈现先增大后减小的趋势。     

节能通风系统的性能测试与分析

为了改善贫困地区夏季的通风降温问题,设计了一套简易的节能通风系统。通过实验测试和仿真的方法对不同风速以及不同出口孔径大小条件下的系统降温效果进行研究分析。给出了实验过程中不同进口条件下的系统模型,得到了通风装置的仿真云图以及通风系统的制冷效率。结果表明:在与实验条件基本相同的情况下,模拟数据结果与实验结果接近;在一定风速范围内,风速越大,系统制冷效果越好;节流出口孔径越小,系统降温越明显。     

UHPC 湿接缝浇筑在排水工程中的施工应用控制

预制拼装技术是水务结构施工工艺的重要发展趋势,接缝处理是当前预制拼装技术的关键技术难点。超高性能混凝土（UHPC）具有强度高、韧性大、耐久性好等技术优势,成为解决预制拼装结构接缝连接的有效途径。考虑到该技术在水务工程领域应用相对较少,根据实际工程开展了相关的研究。首先,针对UHPC湿接缝在排水结构的适用性问题、临时支撑的快速周转、高温与低温施工等难点进行了分析研究,通过全尺寸UHPC浇筑工艺试验,对施工参数进行了探索,并提出了高温与低温条件下浇筑策略。研究保证了UHPC湿接缝浇筑施工的顺利进行,有效提高了预制拼装施工效率,提升了湿接缝浇筑质量。