基于S/P值的道路隧道照明光源光谱及相关色温研究

为解决选取隧道照明光源时未考虑光谱能量分布和相关色温因素造成光源选用不当的问题,结合中间视觉模型,对道路隧道常用光源的光谱能量分布和相关色温进行测试研究,分析不同隧道常用光源的光谱能量分布与相关色温关系; 通过引入光谱S/P值的计算方法,从人眼感知角度分析不同隧道常用光源S/P值与相关色温关系。研究表明： 1）LED光源的相关色温随着蓝光比例的增加而增加; 2）不同类型光源的S/P值与光源的相关色温不是一一对应的关系,但LED光源的S/P值随着相关色温的增加而增大; 3）金属卤化物灯、白色荧光灯和LED光源适合应用于隧道照明,但从长远来看,隧道照明选用相关色温较高的LED光源更为合理。     

Separation of car-dependent commuters from normal-choice riders in mode-choice analysis

The ever-increasing use of cars is a big problem in metropolitan areas. To manage the traffic stream and alleviate air pollution, most metropolitan governments are attempting to discourage the use of cars. Nevertheless, the results have not been satisfactory. It is well known that normal-choice riders choose their travel mode based on utility, which is determined by mode-specific impedances and individual characteristics. On the other hand, this study focuses on identifying car-dependent commuters who tend to keep driving cars regardless of the circumstances they are confronted with. For this study, psychometric factors characterizing car-dependent commuters were investigated. However, the performance of the mode-choice model was not sufficiently enhanced despite incorporation of the psychometric factors. The performance improved considerably when the car-dependent commuters were excluded. Based on psychometric factors, the support vector machine successfully separated the car-dependent commuters from normal-choice riders.

Urban spatial location advantage: The dual of the transportation problem and its implications for land-use and transport planning

Numerous recent studies have investigated the relationship between the location of jobs and housing in urban areas and how this relates to urban commuting patterns. Few have utilised the dual of the transportation problem of linear programming (TPLP) to provide insights into these relationships Accordingly, this analysis utilises the TPLP to determine dual variable values (shadow prices) for a study area in Dublin, Ireland. The approach determines the pattern of relative location advantage for the peak and off-peak travel periods and for public and private transport for 1991 and 2001. The results are set against the expected results for hypothetical urban structures. The results show that the pattern of relative location advantage has altered sharply over the study period for off-peak trip-making but has remained more or less the same for trip-making in the peak period. For the off-peak period, the pattern of relative location advantage has shifted from the central area to the periphery specifically for private transport trips; for public transport, the pattern has remained focused on the city centre. This indicates that private transport users can react more quickly to changes in the distribution of land-use activities than their public transport counterparts due to the relatively fixed nature of the latter mode. This implies that the public transport network needs to be reorganized to better reflect the revised pattern of trip-making specifically for the off-peak period. The results demonstrate the value of using the approach for providing information about the spatial organisation of land uses within cities and where future development may be targeted.