基于问卷调查的公众交通安全意识评价方法

为了评价公众交通安全意识,进而明确不同年龄、不同受教育程度、不同职业和不同出行方式的公众群体交通安全意识的差异性,对公众交通安全意识调查数据进行了量化分析。首先,基于自主编制的公众交通安全意识问卷对5 029名参与者进行了调查;其次,对回收的问卷进行因子分析和信度、效度检验,得到了交通安全行为、交通安全态度和交通管理认知3个因子;最后,选取上述因子作为3个一级评价指标,因子所含条目作为17个二级评价指标,对公众交通安全意识进行评价,采用主成分分析法计算因子得分,并应用熵值法确定一级评价指标权重,再通过灰色关联分析计算灰色关联度,最终根据模糊综合评价得出不同公众群体的交通安全意识水平。研究结果表明：不同年龄段的公众中,18~40岁群体交通安全意识水平最高（b=0.79）,41~65岁（b=0.44）和65岁以上（b=0.45）群体交通安全意识水平较低;不同受教育程度的公众中,专科学历群体的交通安全意识水平最高（b=1）,小学及以下学历群体其交通安全意识水平较低（b=0.33）;不同职业的公众中,事业单位人员群体的交通安全意识水平最高（b=0.93）,农民群体的交通安全意识水平较低（b=0.33）;不同出行方式的公众中,以公交车为主要出行方式的群体其交通安全意识水平最高（b=0.91）,而以三轮车（b=0.35）和自行车（b=0.36）为主要出行方式的群体其交通安全意识水平较低。研究结果可用于不同公众群体交通安全意识的度量,并为不同群体的交通安全意识提升方法制定提供理论依据。     

城市道路拥堵与道路平均速度相关性分析

为了探求不同等级道路交通运行特征,依托广州市天河区道路运行数据,利用SPSS统计软件分析不同等级道路上平均运行速度与道路拥堵发生概率的相关性,并定量分析不同时段不同道路交通特性,弥补了以往定性分析的不足.分析结果显示,三次曲线能够很好拟合拥堵率与速度分布,且相关性分析表明工作日晚高峰的运行状况最差,其次为非工作日的晚高峰.由于数据的限制,文中未对城市快速路拥堵状况进行细致分析,也导致了拟合模型的一定局限性.根据分析结果提出城市道路交通管制的几点建议.      

Links between subjective and objective evaluations regarding the steering character of automobiles

This work presents an experiment on the relationships between subjective and objective evaluations of vehicle handling. Ten cars were examined objectively in several open-loop driving dynamics manoeuvres and subjectively by test persons in typical traffic situations. Results are extracted from a stationary test (the Slowly Increasing Steer Test), and a dynamical test (the Frequency Response Test). The subjective measurements are obtained from drivers on a rural road course via a questionnaire, which was developed to separately investigate the quantity level perception, the so-called “Niveau”, and the more qualitative “Liking”. These subjective “measurements” are embedded into a two-channel definition of “Steering Comfort” as a genus for “Steering Discomfort” and “Character”. The article concentrates on developing a statistical method for the consideration of correlations amongst the subjective/objective data. In doing so, the variance in example subjective Niveau ratings can be significantly explained by several objective quantities. Indicators for co-domains of validated discomfort characteristics and hints for endeavouring character Liking ranges are detected.     

应用数字散斑相关法测量结构振动位移和频率

将数字散斑相关法应用于测量结构振动的位移和频率,对振动结构标记人为散斑或者利用结构本身较明显的天然散斑作为目标点,利用摄像机连续采集一系列数字图像,结合数字散斑相关法,对目标点散斑进行识别,计算其在图像中位置的变化以获得目标点位移,进而通过FFT变化得到频率.在振动台水平正弦激励某模型结构的实验中,通过与位移计测量结果...     

极线约束下的多分辨率相关匹配算法

针对计算机视觉在几何测量应用中图像匹配特点,提出了将多分辨率和极线约束与相关法相结合的图像匹配方法。该方法采用金字塔分层和极线约束来弥补相关匹配带来运算量大的不足,克服了图像匹配中精度低的缺点。通过计算机视觉在几何测量检测系统中图像匹配的实际应用,验证了该算法具有较高的测量精度、速度及其实用性。     

Transient responses of a VLFS during landing and take-off of an airplane

The transient elastic deformation of a pontoon-type very large floating structure (VLFS) caused by the landing and take-off of an airplane is computed by the time-domain mode-expansion method. The memory effects in hydrodynamic forces are taken into account, and great care is paid to numerical accuracy in evaluating all the coefficients appearing in the simultaneous differential equations for the elastic motion of a VLFS. The time-histories of the imparted force and the position and velocity of an airplane during landing and take-off are modeled with data from a Boeing 747-400 jumbo jet. Simulation results are shown of 3-D structural waves on a VLFS and the associated unsteady drag force on an airplane, which is of engineering importance, particularly during take-off. The results for landing show that the airplane moves faster than the structural waves generated in the early stage, and the waves overtake the airplane as its speed decreases to zero. The results for take-off are essentially the same as those for landing, except that the structural waves develop slowly in the early stage, and no obstacle exists on the runway after the take-off of airplane. The additional drag force on an airplane due to the elastic responses of the runway considered in this work was found to be small in magnitude.     

多供电模式舰船电力系统保护策略

  目的   现代船舶电力系统的信息化、自动化、智能化和安全运行的要求越来越高,传统的基于现场总线的船舶电力信息交换系统已经无法满足要求。  方法   通过Modbus/TCP工业以太网弥补现场总线的不足,并在此基础上联合船舶电力系统现场总线采集的固有数据和在线测量装置采集的实时数据建立数据中心,结合相关性理论和神经网络智能算法进行大数据分析,  结果   完成船舶电力系统动态电能质量监测与故障诊断,并用LabVIEW实现人机界面设计。  结论   通过实验室平台验证了该方案软、硬件实现的可行性。     

基于遗传算法和极限学习机的智能算法在基坑变形预测中的应用

为解决传统智能算法网络结构参数复杂、运算速度慢等问题,基于遗传算法和极限学习机构建基坑变形的新型优化智能预测模型。先利用皮尔逊相关系数评价不同影响因素与基坑沉降变形之间的相关性,以确定极限学习机的输入层; 再采用试算法确定最优激励函数和隐层节点数,并将遗传算法和极限学习机耦合,利用遗传算法优化极限学习机的初始权值和阈值,以提高预测精度。经实例检验表明： 1)开挖时间、开挖深度、土体抗剪参数及重度均与基坑沉降变形显著相关,为构建极限学习机输入层提供了依据; 2)在预测过程中,激励函数和隐层节点数对极限学习机的预测效果具有一定的影响,以Sigmiod型激励函数和13个隐层节点数的预测效果为最优; 3)通过遗传算法的优化,能进一步提高预测精度,验证了遗传算法的优化能力和有效性。预测模型在不同工况下的预测结果均较优,说明该模型具有较高的稳定性和可靠性。     

基于集合经验模态分解的滚动轴承振动信号希尔伯特谱分析方法

  目的  提出一种从强背景噪声、非平稳、非线性的复杂设备滚动轴承早期冲击故障振动信号中有效提取故障特征并进行故障模式识别的方法。  方法  首先,利用快速谱相关（FSC）分析提取原始振动信号的故障特征,并利用多尺度排列熵（MPE）对故障特征进行量化;然后,将故障特征数据输入BP神经网络进行故障诊断模型训练与测试;最后,对变速情况下的滚动轴承故障模拟实验数据和美国凯斯西储大学公开的轴承故障试验数据集进行故障识别研究。  结果  结果显示：所提方法对不同类型的故障具有较高的辨识精度,可达97%以上。  结论  研究验证了基于FSC-MPE与BP神经网络的滚动轴承故障诊断方法的可行性和优越性,可为滚动轴承健康状态评估提供技术支持。     

A copula-based approach for estimating the travel time reliability of urban arterial

Estimating the travel time reliability (TTR) of urban arterial is critical for real-time and reliable route guidance and provides theoretical bases and technical support for sophisticated traffic management and control. The state-of-art procedures for arterial TTR estimation usually assume that path travel time follows a certain distribution, with less consideration about segment correlations. However, the conventional approach is usually unrealistic because an important feature of urban arterial is the dependent structure of travel times on continuous segments. In this study, a copula-based approach that incorporates the stochastic characteristics of segments travel time is proposed to model arterial travel time distribution (TTD), which serves as a basis for TTR quantification. First, segments correlation is empirically analyzed and different types of copula models are examined. Then, fitting marginal distributions for segment TTD is conducted by parametric and non-parametric regression analysis, respectively. Based on the estimated parameters of the models, the best-fitting copula is determined in terms of the goodness-of-fit tests. Last, the model is examined at two study sites with AVI data and NGSIM trajectory data, respectively. The results of path TTD estimation demonstrate the advantage of the proposed copula-based approach, compared with the convolution model without capturing segments correlation and the empirical distribution fitting methods. Furthermore, when considering the segments correlation effect, it was found that the estimated path TTR is more accurate than that by the convolution model.