极线约束下的多分辨率相关匹配算法

针对计算机视觉在几何测量应用中图像匹配特点,提出了将多分辨率和极线约束与相关法相结合的图像匹配方法。该方法采用金字塔分层和极线约束来弥补相关匹配带来运算量大的不足,克服了图像匹配中精度低的缺点。通过计算机视觉在几何测量检测系统中图像匹配的实际应用,验证了该算法具有较高的测量精度、速度及其实用性。     

Links between subjective and objective evaluations regarding the steering character of automobiles

This work presents an experiment on the relationships between subjective and objective evaluations of vehicle handling. Ten cars were examined objectively in several open-loop driving dynamics manoeuvres and subjectively by test persons in typical traffic situations. Results are extracted from a stationary test (the Slowly Increasing Steer Test), and a dynamical test (the Frequency Response Test). The subjective measurements are obtained from drivers on a rural road course via a questionnaire, which was developed to separately investigate the quantity level perception, the so-called “Niveau”, and the more qualitative “Liking”. These subjective “measurements” are embedded into a two-channel definition of “Steering Comfort” as a genus for “Steering Discomfort” and “Character”. The article concentrates on developing a statistical method for the consideration of correlations amongst the subjective/objective data. In doing so, the variance in example subjective Niveau ratings can be significantly explained by several objective quantities. Indicators for co-domains of validated discomfort characteristics and hints for endeavouring character Liking ranges are detected.     

Bolster spring fault detection strategy for heavy haul wagons

An on-board health monitoring system is proposed for heavy haul wagons in this paper including a signal-based fault detection and isolation (FDI) method and an on-line fault diagnose strategy. Such a system, to be feasible on freight wagons, must be sufficiently cheap and robust, hence the design assumes the constraint of using only two accelerometers mounted on the front left and right rear part of each carbody in a heavy haul train. This paper focuses on the detection of bolster spring fault conditions. The problem is made more complex by the modes of failure which might be expected in bolster spring nests. Types of spring failure are firstly identified and discussed covering situations of broken (shortening springs) and softening (individual spring loss from a nest or cross-section loss through corrosion). The effects of these faults and their detectability were investigated using simulations on straight and curved track and using a fully detailed model of a typical 40?t axle-load heavy haul wagon. The simulation results were then examined and compared using cross-correlation analysis and an FDI system was proposed. The FDI system introduced five possible fault indicators. Initial results indicated that it was possible to detect changes in bolster stiffness of ±25%. An on-line fault diagnoses strategy is proposed for bolster spring faults which only requires data from wagon monitoring during travel around sharp curves to detect and the occurrence of confirm faults. The functionality envisaged needs only a ‘once per trip’ monitoring site, such as a sharper curve, and is aimed at condition monitoring rather than the provision of alarms or comprehensive monitoring of all events.     

基于遗传算法和极限学习机的智能算法在基坑变形预测中的应用

为解决传统智能算法网络结构参数复杂、运算速度慢等问题,基于遗传算法和极限学习机构建基坑变形的新型优化智能预测模型。先利用皮尔逊相关系数评价不同影响因素与基坑沉降变形之间的相关性,以确定极限学习机的输入层; 再采用试算法确定最优激励函数和隐层节点数,并将遗传算法和极限学习机耦合,利用遗传算法优化极限学习机的初始权值和阈值,以提高预测精度。经实例检验表明： 1)开挖时间、开挖深度、土体抗剪参数及重度均与基坑沉降变形显著相关,为构建极限学习机输入层提供了依据; 2)在预测过程中,激励函数和隐层节点数对极限学习机的预测效果具有一定的影响,以Sigmiod型激励函数和13个隐层节点数的预测效果为最优; 3)通过遗传算法的优化,能进一步提高预测精度,验证了遗传算法的优化能力和有效性。预测模型在不同工况下的预测结果均较优,说明该模型具有较高的稳定性和可靠性。     

大跨斜拉桥施工与成桥状态风致抖振响应分析

为研究大跨斜拉桥成桥与施工状态的风致抖振响应,分别采用时域和频域方法对一座典型大跨斜拉桥的成桥状态、施工最大双悬臂与最大单悬臂状态进行了数值计算.采用改进的谐波合成法模拟桥梁结构的随机脉动风场,基于有限元编程,实现了考虑自激力的斜拉桥抖振时域分析,使用多模态耦合分析方法进行斜拉桥的频域抖振分析.分析结果表明:在主梁设计基准风速下,成桥状态和施工状态的横桥向和扭转角抖振位移均较小,施工最大双悬臂中跨悬臂端点竖桥向抖振位移较大,在施工中应妥善处理;成桥与施工状态下的主塔塔顶抖振位移均较小,施工过程中可以不考虑主塔顶部的位移控制;基于合理模拟风场的时域计算方法,能够考虑各种非线性因素,能够较好地反映斜拉桥的抖振响应;不考虑气动导纳的频域计算会夸大斜拉桥的抖振响应,考虑Sears函数作为气动导纳的频域计算方法会低估斜拉桥的抖振响应.     

改性沥青中SBS含量的灰色关联度分析

为分析性能指标随SBS含量的变化趋势及敏感性,避免由单个指标确定SBS含量所带来的偏差较大的问题,采用灰色关联度分析沥青针入度、软化点、5℃延度、弹性恢复、135℃运动黏度等性能指标与SBS含量的关联性,从而确定改性沥青的SBS含量控制关键指标,并综合关联度高的指标来确定SBS的含量。结果表明改性沥青性能与SBS含量有着相关性,SBS含量对沥青的135℃运动黏度、弹性恢复、软化点、延度、针入度均有影响,其中对135℃运动黏度影响最为显著,沥青的软化点、弹性恢复、135℃运动黏度等指标与SBS含量有着较高的关联度。建立了基于软化点、弹性恢复、135℃运动黏度等性能指标的改性沥青中SBS含量的确定方法,其误差小于4%。     

EEMD和SVM在发动机故障诊断中的应用

针对发动机缸盖振动信号的非线性非平稳特征,提出一种总体平均经验模态分解(EEMD)和支持向量机相结合的信号分析及故障诊断方法,该方法利用EEMD算法以及IMF序列和原始振动信号之间的相关系数,有效放大故障诊断特征向量的差异。对原始振动信号进行EEMD分解,得到各阶特征模态函数(IMF),求各阶IMF分量对应于原始信号的相关系数并组成故障分类特征向量。分别将IMF相关系数法和IMF能量分布法得到的特征向量作为输入,建立BP神经网络和支持向量机,判断发动机工作状态和故障类型。分析表明,对IMF求相关系数的方法简便易行,能有效放大不同工况下特征向量的差异,结合支持向量机能够对既定机型的配气机构和点火系常见故障进行准确识别。     

水泥混凝土不同强度之间的关系

水泥混凝土强度的不足是水泥混凝土路面破坏的原因之一。在国内外学者研究的基础上，阐述了混凝土理论破坏机理，分析了强度的影响因素，试验得出适合浏阳地区强度之间的经验公式。     

一种基于SFEC算法的车间调度问题

针对车间调度的问题，提出一种改进的演化算法．在算法中，首先引入个体之间距离和邻域的定义，从而根据距离来确定个体的相似性，并且根据个体的相似性对种群进行分级，以此得到新解产生的邻域．另外，为了提高算法的收敛速度，文中对较好的个体加入加速因子——列队竞争算子．最后，通过数值仿真检验，验证了本文算法的有效性和优越性。     

基于小波域谱相减算法的语音增强研究

谱相减算法是目前常用的语音增强算法，它常在处理宽带噪声中使用，具有运算量小、效果明显等特点，但该算法是基于短时傅立叶变换（STFT）基础上的，是一种单分辨率的信号分析方法。与STFT本质不同的小波变换是一种变分辨率的时频联合分析方法，当分析低频信号时，其时间窗口很大，而当分析高频时，其时间窗口减小，这恰恰符合实际中对非平稳信号进行分析的自然规律。基于小波域的谱相减算法，是将带噪语音信号进行Mallat多尺度分解，然后分别对各尺度下的信号进行谱相减运算，再逐一进行小波重构，得到去噪后的语音信号。仿真结果表明。该方法不但有效地提高了语音信号的信噪比，而且也在很大程度上改善了语音的失真程度，不失为一种有效的语音增强算法。